BACKGROUND Sensitive and responsive maternal caregiving behavior strengthens infant self-regulatory capacities (HL), but this regulatory role may be diminished in some mothers with second-trimester prenatal exposure to depression and/ or anxiety (MDA). This study examined maternal and infant behavior during infant heel lance (HL) when mothers had or did not have MDA. Ethological methods and mic...

Background: To evaluate the pain responses of premature neonates after the instillation of mydriatic eye drops (Mydrin-P; 0.5% tropicamide and 0.5% phenylephrine hydrochloride) for retinal examination. Methods: Fifty premature infants (100 eyes) of birth weight (≤ 1501 g) or gestational age (≤ 32 w) who underwent Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) examinations between December 2014 and June 2015 ...

conclusions the results of this study indicate that there is no meaningful difference between swaddling and kmc on physiological indexes and pain in neonates. therefore, the swaddling method may be a good substitute for kmc. results the findings revealed that pain was reduced to a great extent in the swaddling and kmc methods compared to the control group. however, there was no significant diff...

OBJECTIVE To examine the relation between the neurobehavior of very preterm infants and the level of NICU quality of developmental care. METHODS The neurobehavior of 178 very preterm infants (gestational age ≤29 weeks and/or birth weight ≤1500 g) from 25 NICUs participating in a large multicenter, longitudinal study (Neonatal Adequate Care for Quality of Life, NEO-ACQUA) was examined with a s...

OBJECTIVE To determine if acute pain response after administration of the diphtheria, polio, and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis and Haemophilus influenzae type b (DPTaP-Hib) vaccine and the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) is affected by the order in which they are given. DESIGN Single-center, double-blind, randomized clinical trial. SETTING Outpatient pediatric clinic in Toron...

Although over 40 methods of pain assessment in infants are available for use in clinical practice, unrecognized and under-treated pain remains one of the most commonly reported problems within the Neonatal Intensive Care Units. A number of factors have been found to account for differences in the robustness of the pain response in neonates of varying gestational ages. Discrepancies between beha...

background: usual dosage  of morphine  (10 mg/kg) induces  analgesia  and ultra-low dose (uld) of morphine (1 μg/kg); hyperalgesia, and  c-fibers are also bearing  μ- opioid receptors; here the importance  of c-fibers on pain and  morphine   induced  analgesia/hyperalgesia  is questioned   and  investigated    using   pain   evaluation methods and infant capsaicin treating  for c-fibers lesioni...

BACKGROUND Sucrose is widely used to manage procedural pain in term newborns despite a lack of evidence of its effectiveness for different procedures and infant populations. Our objectives were to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of sucrose in newborns undergoing various medical procedures within 2 days of birth. METHODS We performed a double-blind, randomized controlled trial. We includ...

The prevention of pain in neonates should be the goal of all pediatricians and health care professionals who work with neonates, not only because it is ethical but also because repeated painful exposures have the potential for deleterious consequences. Neonates at greatest risk of neurodevelopmental impairment as a result of preterm birth (ie, the smallest and sickest) are also those most likel...

One of the most controversial issues in neonatology today is the appropriate treatment of procedural pain in the NICU. Infants in the NICU undergo numerous painful procedures. Policies and practices for the treatment of pain vary from NICU to NICU and from doctor to doctor. Numerous studies have been done to clarify the best methods of relieving pain, but the studies themselves are ethically pr...