BACKGROUND Acid-base abnormalities in neonatal diarrheic calves can be assessed by using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation or the simplified strong ion approach which use the anion gap (AG) or the strong ion gap (SIG) to quantify the concentration of unmeasured strong anions such as D-lactate. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To determine and compare the clinical utility of AG and SIG in quantifying th...

In this experiment six healthy adult dairy Jersey cattles and eight calves (aged 4-6 months) were selected to measure temperature of different body skin sites, rectal temperature, respiration and heart rates during summer and winter. Body sites maximum and minimum temperature in calves during summer belonged to the ear, forehead, right flank, abdomen (38.4-38.9 ˚C) and carpus (32 ˚C). This was ...

Cryptosporidiosis of neonatal dairy calves causes diarrhea, resulting in important economic losses. In Argentina, prevalence values Cryptosporidium spp. and other enteropathogens such as group A rotavirus (RVA), bovine coronavirus (BCoV) enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC, endotoxin STa+), have been independently studied different regions. However, an integrative epidemiological investigati...

In the spring of 2013, a survey of California (CA) dairies was performed to characterize management practices related to bovine respiratory disease in preweaned calves, compare these practices across geographic regions of the state, and determine the principal components that explain the variability in management between herds. The questionnaire consisted of 53 questions divided into 6 sections...

Bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (BVDV-1) subtype b was isolated from premature Holstein calves from a dairy herd that experienced an outbreak of premature births, late-term abortions, brachygnathism, growth retardation, malformations of the brain and cranium, and rare extracranial skeletal malformations in calves born to first-calf heifers. Experimental inoculation of 3 colostrum-deprived calves ...

A dairy herd including approximately 50 milking cows and 40 heifers and calves was investigated. This herd was detected with high prevalence of calves persistently infected (PI) with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). Nine PI animals including a milking cow and 8 newborn calves were detected in the herd within 4 months. Prevalence of PI animals in this herd was estimated 7.0% which was very hi...

Blindness attributed to vitamin A deficiency afflicted 47 out of 197, and 15 out of 29 new-born dairy calves on 2 farms. Other clinical signs included doming of the forehead, thickening of the carpal joints, incoordination and weakness. Gross lesions in 8 of the calves examined consisted in hydrocephalus and thickened occipital and sphenoid bones. In 4 of these calves the optic nerves were cons...

The aim of this experiment was to better describe early behavioral responses of calves to illness to help improve early detection. We examined the behavior of calves after injections of very low doses of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Fifteen dairy calves of 2 ages (3 and 20 wk), housed in individual pens and fed milk and concentrates with free access to hay and water, were injected i.v. w...

AIM The aim of this study was to determine the alterations in the lipid profile, plasma alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, total and direct bilirubin levels of neonatal calves with diarrhea. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 25 calves with diarrhea as experimental group and 10 healthy calves as control group, 1-30 days old, were enrolled in the study. Blood samples were collected from jugula...

Gut regulatory peptides are produced by mucosal endocrine cells and released both into the circulation as well as into the gut lumen. Following stimulation the distribution between the circulation and gut lumen changes in favor of the gut lumen. In the blood plasma, the biological half-life of gut regulatory peptides is counted in single minutes due to high aminopeptidase activity and liver ext...