Temporal and spatial environmental variability are predicted to have reddened spectra that reveal increases in variance with the period or length sampled. However, spectral analyses have seldom been performed on ecological data to determine whether these predictions hold true in the case of spatial environmental variability. For a 50 km long continuous transect of 128 point samples across a het...

Let rm and rM be the least and greatest finite boundary slopes of a hyperbolic knot K in S . We show that any cyclic surgery slopes of K must lie in the interval (rm − 1/2, rM + 1/2). AMS Classification 57M25; 57M27

water erosion causes severe soil damage in northern forests of iran which is associated with different rut depths in skid trails. the aim of this study was to assess rutting and soil displacement on skid trails to mitigate water erosion. therefore the research was carried out in eight parcels of district no 3 of shafarood forest in the north of iran. in order to evaluate the amount of erosion i...

We show that the distance between a finite filling slope and a reducible filling slope on the boundary of a hyperbolic knot manifold is at most one. Let M be a knot manifold, i.e. a connected, compact, orientable 3-manifold whose boundary is a torus. A knot manifold is said to be hyperbolic if its interior admits a complete hyperbolic metric of finite volume. Let M(α) denote the manifold obtain...

in this paper, the effect of bedrock inclination on seismic performance of slopes is investigated. the study was conducted based on dynamic analysis of different slopes, evaluation of the earthquake acceleration in sliding mass, and calculating the permanent displacement of the slope, using newmark sliding block. the investigation indicates that variation of the bedrock inclination may cause th...

Path loss modeling for both regular and irregular terrains is still gaining significant attention from researchers. A sloped terrain is one specific kind of an irregular terrain that—as far as we are aware—has not been completely studied. Although some results have been published for slope path loss modeling in cellular communication, an adequate model for the case when the transmitter (Tx) and...

Random finite element method (RFEM) provides a rigorous tool to incorporate spatial variability of soil properties into reliability analysis and risk assessment of slope stability. However, it suffers from a common criticism of requiring extensive computational efforts and a lack of efficiency, particularly at small probability levels (e.g., slope failure probability Pf<0.001). To address this ...