OBJECTIVE We investigated the independent association between several neighbourhood built environment features and physical inactivity within a national sample of Canadian youth, and estimated the proportion of inactivity within the population that was attributable to these built environment features. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of 6626 youth aged 11-15 years from 272 schools acr...

esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is a rather common cancer in northern iran. incidence of adenocarcinoma of esophagus has an increasing trend in iran. co-existence of both cancers in one patient is very rare. we report a middle age woman from northern iran with a typical presentation of esophageal cancer, who was found to have a dual esophageal cancer. the disease was found in the advanced st...

We briefly review previous attempts to generate near-optimal solutions of the Traveling Salesman Problem by applying Genetic Algorithms. Following the lines of Johnson [1990] we discuss some possibilities for speeding up classical Local Search algorithms by casting them into a genetic frame. In an experimental study two such approaches, viz. Genetic Local Search with 2-Opt neighbourhoods and Li...

BACKGROUND Supportive neighbourhood walking conditions are particularly important for older people as they age and who, as a group, prefer walking as a form of physical activity. Urban form and socio-economic status (SES) can influence neighbourhood walking behaviour. The objectives of this study were: a) to examine how urban form and neighbourhood SES inter-relate to affect the experiences of ...

normal 0 false false false en-us x-none ar-sa microsoftinternetexplorer4 colorectal cancer is classified in to three forms: sporadic (70-75%), familial (20-25%) and hereditary (5-10%). hereditary colorectal cancer syndromes classified into two different subtypes: polyposis and non polyposis. familial adenomatous polyposis (fap; omim #175100) is the most common polyposis syndrome, account for <1...

Study objective: (1) To provide a didactic and conceptual (rather than mathematical) link between multilevel regression analysis (MLRA) and social epidemiological concepts. (2) To develop an epidemiological vision of MLRA focused on measures of health variation and clustering of individual health status within areas, which is useful to operationalise the notion of ‘‘contextual phenomenon’’. The...

STUDY OBJECTIVE (1) To provide a didactic and conceptual (rather than mathematical) link between multilevel regression analysis (MLRA) and social epidemiological concepts. (2) To develop an epidemiological vision of MLRA focused on measures of health variation and clustering of individual health status within areas, which is useful to operationalise the notion of "contextual phenomenon". The pa...

BACKGROUND We examined the incremental influence on survival of neighbourhood material and social deprivation while accounting for individual level socioeconomic status in a large population-based cohort of Canadians. METHODS More than 500,000 adults were followed for 22 years between 1982 and 2004. Tax records provided information on sex, income, marital status and postal code while a linkag...