There is considerable debate on whether the employment and earnings prospects are better for those on low pay or for the unemployed. We use Understanding Society data for England and estimate dynamic random effects panel models which show robust evidence that the future unemployment risk is lower for those who are currently on low pay compared to those who are currently unemployed and the low-p...

This editorial introduces the thematic issue on “Vertical Cities: The Development of High-Rise Neighbourhoods.” It outlines lack understanding about high-rise development in cities around world and argues for a continued need to further interrogate concepts verticality beyond single towers towards finer grain examination neighbourhoods. four interconnected themes that begin address this phenome...

A proper vertex-colouring of a graph G is said to be locally identifying if for any pair u,v of adjacent vertices with distinct closed neighbourhoods, the sets of colours in the closed neighbourhoods of u and v are different. We show that any graph G has a locally identifying colouring with 2∆−3∆+3 colours, where ∆ is the maximum degree of G, answering in a positive way a question asked by Espe...

We study a generalized notion of topology which evolved from applications in the area of logic programming semantics. The generalization is obtained by relaxing the requirement that a neighbourhood of a point includes the point itself, and by allowing neighbourhoods of points to be empty. We show that it is meaningful to discuss neighbourhoods, convergence, and continuity in these spaces. A gen...

The neighbourhood of a regular language with respect to the prefix, suffix and subword distance is always regular and a tight bound for the state complexity of prefix distance neighbourhoods is known. We give upper bounds for the state complexity of the neighbourhood of radius k of an n state DFA (deterministic finite automaton) language with respect to the suffix distance and the subword dista...

This paper develops a new VNS approach to Permutational Flow shop Scheduling Problem with Total Flow time criterion. There are many hybrid approaches in the problem’s literature, that make use of VNS internally, usually applying job insert neighbourhood followed by job interchange neighbourhood. In this study different ways to combine both neighbourhoods were examined. All tests use the benchma...

There is growing interest in the impact of community design on the health of residents. In 1998, the Western Australian Government began a trial of new subdivision design codes (i.e. Liveable Neighbourhoods Community Design Code) aimed at creating pedestrian-friendly neighbourhoods to increase walking, cycling and public transport use. The trial provided a unique opportunity for a natural exper...

We study a generalized notion of topology which evolved from applications in the area of logic programming semantics The generalization is obtained by relaxing the requirement that a neighbourhood of a point includes the point itself and by allowing neighbourhoods of points to be empty We show that it is meaningful to discuss neighbourhoods convergence and continuity in these spaces A generaliz...

We conducted a qualitative longitudinal study to explore how adult residents of disadvantaged urban neighbourhoods (Glasgow, UK) experienced neighbourhood demolition and relocation. Data from 23 households was collected in 2011 and 2012. Some participants described moves to new or improved homes in different neighbourhoods as beneficial to their and their families' wellbeing. Others suggested t...

An interpretation of intuitionistic fuzzy sets is proposed based on random set theory and prototype theory. The extension of fuzzy labels are modelled by lower and upper random set neighbourhoods, identifying those element of the universe within an uncertain distance threshold of a set of prototypical elements. These neighbourhoods are then generalised to compound fuzzy descriptions generated a...