The authors conducted an experience sampling study to investigate the relationship between momentary ruminative self-focus and negative affect. Ninety-three adults recorded these variables at quasi-random intervals 8 times daily for 1 week. Scores on questionnaire measures of dispositional rumination were associated with mean levels of momentary ruminative self-focus over the experience samplin...

We propose two fundamentally different motives for helping: gaining pleasure and fulfilling one’s duty (‘‘pressure’’). Using the newly developed Pleasure and Pressure based Prosocial Motivation Scale, we demonstrated the distinctiveness of pleasure and pressure based prosocial motivation in three studies. Although the two motives exhibited different relations to a variety of personality charact...

background the present study was designed and conducted to determine the relationship between self-efficacy and marital satisfaction among married and single students. materials and methods the sample of this study consisted of 50 married students of payame noor university in izeh city, south west of iran; then simple random sampling method was used to select samples. to measure self-efficacy q...

chronic pain is a prevalent and debilitating condition, conveying immense human burden. suffering from chronic pain is not only caused by painful symptomatology, but also through a wide range of psychopathological and physical consequences, including depression and anxiety disorders, impaired sleep and cognition, cardiovascular morbidity and impaired sexual function, all contributing to diminis...