Many abductive understanding systems explain novel situations by a chaining process that is neutral to explainer needs beyond generating some plausible explanation for the event being explained. This paper examines the relationship of standard models of abductive understanding to the case-based explanation model. In case-based explanation, construction and selection of abductive hypotheses are ...

Residents, fellows, students, faculty, and team members are all human subjects. Assessments, test results, focus groups, journals, needs assessments, and other education projects involve human subjects. Using previously collected evaluation data obtained from human subjects (eg, trainees) also represents research qualifying for IRB review. Reviews, meta-analyses, or descriptions of educational ...

INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATORS IN BIOMEDICAL sciences face ethical challenges in the design, review, and conduct of research. Challenges include differences in research ethics capacity, cultural differences in interpretation and application of ethical principles, and cooperation between ethics review boards at collaborating institutions. Indiana University School of Medicine (Indianapolis, USA) an...

In this paper, we propose a novel site customization model that relies on a topical ontology in order to learn the user interests as these are exemplified in their site navigations. Based on this knowledge, our mechanism personalizes the site’s content and structure so as to meet particular user needs. Experimental results demonstrate that our model has a significant potential in accurately ide...

There is a growing stream of research into organizational microblogging in recent years. Whilst the extant literature has mainly focused on technology-related factors to examine init ia l microblogging use, few studies have investigated user needs and gratifications and even less on the post initial adoption stage. Hence, the purpose of this research is to explore the factors that affect employ...

OBJECTIVES The research assesses the information needs of speech-language pathologists (SLPs) and audiologists in Idaho and identifies specific needs for training in evidence-based practice (EBP) principles and searching EBP resources. METHODS A survey was developed to assess knowledge and skills in accessing information. Questionnaires were distributed to 217 members of the Idaho Speech-Lang...

Patients’ experiences have been used as an indicator for hospital quality for a long time. The concept of patient experiences has many facets. One aspect of particular importance for optimal treatment and patients’ quality of life is efficient and understandable information and communication between patients and health professionals. In this paper, we look closer into patients’ experiences in b...

This work examines how awareness systems, a class of technologies that support sustained and effortless communication between individuals and groups, can support family communication. Going beyond the evaluation of specific design concepts, this paper reports on three studies that aimed to answer the following research questions: (a) Do families want to be aware of each other through the day? O...

BACKGROUND To investigate how a relatively socio-economically deprived community's needs have changed over time, assess which recommendations from an earlier assessment were implemented and sustained, and consider whether serial Rapid Participatory Appraisal is an effective health research tool that can promote community development and has utility in assessing longitudinal change. METHODS Ra...

Previous research has demonstrated that people listen to music for various reasons. The purpose of this study was to investigate people’s perception of music, and thus their music information needs. These ideas were examined by presenting 22 participants with 7 classical musical pieces, asking one-half of them to write words descriptive of each piece, and the other half words they would use if ...