Transdermal drug delivery (TDD) is a non-invasive route of drug administration, although its applications are limited by low skin permeability. It is an attractive alternative technique over the conventional techniques for administration of systemic approaches. For both local and systemic effects skin is the major site of application. However, to penetrate the drug through skin, stratum corneum...

Dependability is an important characteristic that a trustworthy computer system should have. It is a measure of Availability, Reliability, Maintainability, Safety and Security. The focus of our research is on security of web services. Web services enable the composition of independent services with complementary functionalities to produce value-added services, which allows organizations to impl...

Penetration testing (pentesting) is a well established method for identifying security weaknesses, by conducting friendly attacks. Simulated pentesting automates this process, through designing a model of the system at hand, and using modelbased attack planning to generate the attacks. Classical planning variants of this idea are being used commercially by the pentesting industry since 2010. Su...

BACKGROUND To reduce injection pain and improve satisfaction, a thinner (29-gauge [29G]), sharper (5-bevel) needle than the 27G/3-bevel needle used previously to inject interferon (IFN) beta-1a, 44 or 22 mcg subcutaneously (sc) three times weekly (tiw), was developed for use in multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS Two clinical trials in healthy volunteers and five surveys of patients with MS were...

Abstract Microneedle electrode (ME) is used to monitor bioelectrical signals by penetrating via the skin, and it compensates for a limitation of surface electrodes. However, existing fabrication ME have limited in controlling shape microneedles, which directly relevant performance durability microneedles as an electrode. In this study, novel method using 3D printing developed control needle bev...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the frequency of unsuspected posterior vessel wall penetration of the internal jugular vein during ultrasound-guided needle cannulation. DESIGN Prospective, single-blinded observational study. SETTING Urban level I emergency department with an annual census of 80,000. PATIENTS Residents who had previously completed a 2-day ultrasound course including a 3-hr didactic...