aims: the aim of the present work is (1) to evaluate dose calculation accuracy of two commonly used algorithms for 15 mv small photon fields in a medium encompassing heterogeneity and (2) compare these results with measured results obtained using gafchromic film ebt2. materials and methods: authors employed kailwood (pinus wallichiana) to mimic lung. briefly, seven kailwood plates, each measuri...

objectives in this study, the absorption coefficient of hemoglobin (hb) was used to distinguish between normal and abnormal breast tissue. materials and methods a near-infrared source (637 nm) was transmitted from major and minor vessels of a breast phantom containing 2×, 4× concentrations of oxy- and deoxy-hb. the absorption coefficients were determined from spectrometer (sm) and powermeter (p...

background: road traffic accident is a worldwide public health issue that has its highest impact on low and middle income countries including malaysia. many previous studies concerned on the causality of the actual accidents and little attention were given to near miss incidents. hence, the current study was designed to determine the prevalence and associated factors for near miss incident amon...

following the 1994 northridge and 1995 kobe earthquakes, most of modern structures damaged seriously or devastated totally despite the seismic codes of these countries that had been expected to bear advanced criteria for seismic design of structures. after extensive research, the most probable reason of those destructions was attributed to special specifications of near-field earthquakes. in th...

the near field ground motions have a high amplitude pulse like at the beginning of the seismogram which are significantly influenced by the rupture mechanism and direction of rupture propagation. this type of ground motion cause higher demands for engineering structures and its response spectrum is dramatically different than far field spectra. tabriz is one of the ancient cities in azerbaijan ...

an attempt has been made to explore the general trends in the seismic response of planasymmetric structures when subjected to near-fault and far-fault ground motions. systems with structural wall elements in both orthogonal directions considering actual and common nonlinear behavior under bi-directional excitation were studied. idealized single-storey models with uni-axial eccentricity were emp...

Releasing the potential of online collaborative technologies in distributed work contexts is still a challenge for work systems managers. The availability of the technologies has outrun proven business models that can maximise the extraction of business value. Key problem areas remain in the management of online human interaction, control of business objectives within the medium, and risk manag...

in this paper, we study some properties of the near sr-compactnessin l-topological spaces, where l is a fuzzy lattice. the near sr-compactness isa kind of compactness between lowen’s fuzzy compactness and sr-compactness,and it preserves desirable properties of compactness in general topologicalspaces.

It is inevitable that healthcare workers throughout their careers will witness actual or potential threats to patient safety in the course of their work. Some of these threats will result in serious harm occurring to others, whilst at other times such threats will result in minimal harm, or a ‘near miss’ where harm is avoided at the last minute. Despite organizations encouraging employees to ‘s...