engineering design processes. Among these models, one of the most widely known is perhaps the one proposed by Pahl and Beitz [42]. It presents a systematic engineering design approach including four core design phases: product planning and clarifying the task, conceptual design, embodiment design, and detail design. Similarly, Ulrich and Eppinger [43] introduce a more refined design process by ...

In this paper, we analyze system-level design methodologies for platform-based design. Platform-based design is popular as a way to reduce development time, but creating the platform is difficult. We introduce the first generation dilemma problem --initial designs are much harder because we do many of the components that will be used to build the system. We explain the origin of this problem an...

This paper presents the development of an Intelligent Cavity Layout Design System (ICLDS) for multiple cavity injection moulds. The system is intended to assist mould designers in cavity layout design at concept design stage. The complexities and principles of cavity layout design as well as various dependencies in injection mould design are introduced. The knowledge in cavity layout design is ...

as claimed by many behavioral scientists, designing should be based on the knowledge of interaction between human and environment. environmental quality is also created in the context in which humans interact with their environment. to achieve such quality, designers should develop appropriate models for explaining this relationship, and this requires an understanding of human nature and the en...

Paying attention to the spatial placement of the elements (man-made or natural) based on the landscape pattern and ecological processes in urban design would have a considerable impact on both human and the nature. In a way that the discords in the placement of patchs in respect to each other, or in respect to visual corridors and urban matrixes lead to the unwanted results in the cities. The e...