Here we coin the term synanthrome to describe all of the species we interact with. We propose that the time is now here for The Global Synanthrome Project to describe all of our interacting species and how they have changed through time and across space. This effort must involve natural history, ecology, and evolutionary biology in addition to genomics studies that are already underway.

THERE are three aspects to the problem of pilonidal sinus: the aetiology, the natural history, and the treatment. This paper is concerned with the last of these, and with the details of our experience with the management of 33 patients using a new method of treatment. Five of these patients were admitted to hospital; 3 for four days and 2 for one day. The rest were treated with purely out-patie...

Individual-based epidemiology models are increasingly used in the study of influenza epidemics. Several studies on influenza dynamics and evaluation of intervention measures have used the same incubation and infectious period distribution parameters based on the natural history of influenza. A sensitivity analysis evaluating the influence of slight changes to these parameters (in addition to th...

The collection of Mantodea of the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, includes 26 holotypes, 7 allotypes, 4 lectotypes, 23 paratypes, and 1 paralectotype. Four type specimens were designated as lectotypes within this work. Highly accurate measurement data, high resolution images of specimens and labels, verbatim label data, georeferenced coordinates, original and newly ...

The Swedish 18th-century naturalist Carolus (Carl) Linnaeus is habitually credited with laying the foundations of modern taxonomy through the invention of binominal nomenclature. However, another innovation of Linnaeus' has largely gone unnoticed. He seems to have been one of the first botanists to leave his herbarium unbound, keeping the sheets of dried plants separate and stacking them in a p...

Albeit strictly controlled in immune function and in ontogenesis, autoimmunity may develop upon inflammatory response to pathogens, with harmful consequences to host. Findings of autoimmune-like responses, observed in HIVinfected patients, might play a key role in modulating the natural history of the infection and/or could even confer protection to HIV. This paper will focus on a special class...

What do you think of the state of biology today? It has indeed changed in many ways, and to the good. Molecular biology has come into its own and provides enormous power to answer new and old questions in such areas as development, physiology, and cell biology. The use of mathematical tools has become increasingly effective in shedding light on ecological and evolutionary problems, and other ma...

Most cost-effectiveness analyses consist of a baseline model that represents the absolute natural history under a standard treatment in a comparator set and a model for relative treatment effects. We review synthesis issues that arise on the construction of the baseline natural history model. We cover both the absolute response to treatment on the outcome measures on which comparative effective...