Abstract We explore the relationship between Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) and Petroleum (LPG) carrier freight rates global geopolitical risk, while also controlling for macro environment. Our results show that a shock in risk significantly increases cost of spot charter both LNG LPG carriers, with impact reaching around 25% former 18% latter. bear significant implications companies countries inv...

In this article, the U.S. and southern Canadian natural gas supply market is considered. An important model for oil and natural gas supply is the Hubbert curve. Not all regions of the world are producing oil or natural gas following a Hubbert curve, even when price and market conditions are accounted for. One reason is that institutions are affecting supply. We investigate the possible effects ...

abstract i n this paper we investigated total energy consumption and its individual forms (oil, natural gas, electricity, renewable energies and coal) relationship with real gross domestic product (gdp) in iran. we employed hsiao’s (1981) methodology and annual data which cover 1967-2010 for investigation. the empirical findings indicate there is bidirectional causality effect with real gdp and...

In this paper, an Adaptive-Network-based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) is used for forecasting of natural gas consumption. It is clear that natural gas consumption prediction for future, surly can help Statesmen to decide more certain. There are many variables which effect on gas consumption but two variables that named Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and population, are selected as two input var...

Societies worldwide are committed to moving towards a low carbon economy, and natural gas is considered transition fuel between fossil (such as gasoline diesel) renewable fuels. Based on the relevance of in this economic transition, paper demonstrates application hybrid multi-criteria decision-making approach order consuming countries. The aim support market, offering elements prioritize trade ...

natural convection heat transfer from a tube bundle in the indirect water bath heaters is investigated. a computer-code is used for the solution of the governing equations of mass, momentum and energy transfer based on the simple-c algorithm. simulations are carried out for the gas pressure station heater of kermanshah city with various tube bundle arrangements. in order to validate the numeric...

iran’s vast common natural gas resources and the necessity to extract and export it as liquefied natural gas (lng) to distances more than 3000km opens a lucrative field for researchers to optimize lng cycles. in this article heat integration in cryogenic cycles by determining interacycle partition temperature and optimizing refrigeration features like subcooler, presaturator, aftercooler, reboi...