This paper examines the role of fundamentals and speculators for price natural gas market in Europe expressed TTF front month index. The Granger causality test is used to investigate relationship between variables determining supply demand factors as well activities futures contracts held on ICE exchange, data reported by European Securities Markets Authority - ESMA. Existence unidirectional gr...

use of zinc and iron oxide are common in the desulfurization process from natural gas. in thisresearch, after determinations of the size and specifications through tem and xrd for each of the metaloxides, two different size ratios were used, 0.66 for zinc oxide and 0.142 for iron oxide. further, absorption of sulfur compounds in gas (hydrogen sulfide (h2s), carbonyl sulfide (cos), methyl mercap...

Environmental tax policy is one of the most important government measures for carbon reduction. In this paper, we implement an agent-based simulation approach to simulate the volume of household gas consumption affected by the Japanese “Tax for Global Warming” which is a typical environmental tax policy on gas price. A self-adjustment module is designed to simulate the process of household gas ...

The difficulty in gas price forecasting has attracted much attention of academic researchers and business practitioners. Various methods have been tried to solve the problem of forecasting gas prices however, all of the existing models of prediction cannot meet practical needs. In this paper, a novel hybrid intelligent framework is developed by applying a systematic integration of GMDH neural n...

This paper presents an approach to auctioning long-term gas contracts in Colombia. I propose an annual auction for long-term firm gas contracts. The auction would assign and price all firm gas contracts, with the exception of gas from the Guajira field, which is assigned administratively at a regulated price. The proposal is a partial market design in that it does not address the transportation...

nowadays one of the most important energy sources is natural gas. by depletion of oil reservoirs in the world, natural gasâ will emerge as the future energy source for human life. one of the major concerns of gas suppliers is being able to supply this source of energy the entire year. this concern intensifies during more consuming seasons of the year when the demand for natural gas increases, r...