Transition metal stable isotope signatures can be useful for tracing both natural and anthropogenic signals in the environment, but only if the mechanisms responsible for fractionation are understood. To investigate isotope fractionations due to electrochemistry (or redox processes), we examine the stable isotope behavior of iron and zinc during the reduction reaction M2þ aqueous + 2e = Mmetal ...

BACKGROUND The application of surface complexation models (SCMs) to natural sediments and soils is hindered by a lack of consistent models and data for large suites of metals and minerals of interest. Furthermore, the surface complexation approach has mostly been developed and tested for single solid systems. Few studies have extended the SCM approach to systems containing multiple solids. RE...

In this paper, the effect of cationic and anionic ion sizes on the charge storage capability of graphene nanosheets is investigated. The electrochemical properties of the produced electrode are studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques in 3M NaCl, NaOH, and KOH electrolytes. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is used to characterize the mi...

The relation between spectroscopic observables and the detailed metal–ligand bonding features in chelation complexes is addressed using both experimental and state-of-the-art theoretical and computational methods. We synthesized and characterized a set of six nickel dicarbonyl complexes of general formula [Ni(CO)2(PP)], where PP is an atropoisomeric chelating diphosphine ligand. The analysis of...

We find that the thin double layer assumption, in which the thickness of the electrical diffuse layer is assumed small compared to the radius of curvature of a pore or throat, is valid in a capillary tubes model so long as the capillary radius is >200 times the double layer thickness, while the thick double layer assumption, in which the diffuse layer is assumed to extend across the entire pore...

Before the introduction of DNA sequencing methods into population genetics by Kreitman (1983), the major source of information about genetic variation among organisms in natural populations came from electrophoretic studies of proteins. The amount of information acquired during 25 years of major electrophoretic activity is staggering and, for purely technical reasons, is likely to remain orders...

O wning Natural resources has been beneficial for some Countries, but hurtful for some others. Optimum management of natural resources in the former group has enhanced economic growth, bad governance, however, has led to Dutch Disease in the latter group. Bad governance in Iran has created Dutch Disease, Rentier State, and Resource Curse, DRR as a characteristic triangle. As the Iran...

Using the pinch technique, we show how to construct the QCD effective charge to all orders. The extension of the concept of the renormalization-group-invariant and process-independent effective charge from QED to QCD is of special interest for several reasons. First, the existence of a QED-like effective charge, and the ability to identify directly and unambiguously the infinite subset of gluon...