Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), a pest native to China and Korea, was discovered in North America in 1996. Currently, the only reliable strategy available for eradication and control is to cut and chip all infested trees. We evaluated various doses of the systemic insecticides azadirachtin, emamectin benzoate, imidacloprid, and thiacloprid for control of A. gl...

Sirex noctilio F. is an exotic woodwasp now found in eastern North America where it shares natural enemies with native woodwasps of Pinus spp. To study the extent to which native hymenopteran parasitoids and parasitic nematodes could affect woodwasp populations, 60 Pinus trees with symptoms of S. noctilio attack were felled in 2007 and 2008 in Ontario, Canada. Each tree bole was cut into 1-m s...

An epidemic of ash dieback disease has spread east to west across Europe, first being noted in Poland in 1992 [1]. The disease is caused by the ascomycete fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus (also previously known as Chalara fraxinea and H. pseudoalbidus). This is one of several tree pathogens and insect pests that are recent newcomers to Europe caused by worldwide movements of plants and woody mate...

New Zealand has four rodent species, the ship rat (Rattus rattus L.), Norway rat (R. norvegicus Berkenhout), kiore (or Polynesian rat, R. exulans Peale) and the house mouse (Mus musculus L.), all of which have been introduced. Their presence has implications for conservation management as they prey on native bird (Bell, 1978; King, 1984), reptile (Whitaker, 1978) and invertebrate (Ramsey, 1978;...

This paper addresses the issue of manual transcription of non native speech in an attempt to establish rule-based strategies for labelling intermediate realizations. The problems of transcribing non canonical realizations of L2 sounds which present shared features of the target (Spanish) and the source language (Japanese) will be considered. We introduce a Japanese accented non native L2 Spanis...

Native multicast routing protocols have been built and deployed using two basic types of trees: singlesource, shortest-path trees and shared, core-based trees. Core-based multicast trees use less routing state compared to shortest-path trees, but generally have higher end-to-end delay and poor fault tolerance. In this paper we consider a new type of shared multicast structure that uses multiple...

In the literature students are sometimes assumed to feel empowered with respect to learning because of their familiarity with and access to ICT. However, after interviewing 25 students from post-elementary schools, it was found that the majority of the students, although they use the Internet and other ICT for school purposes, believed that their generation is not as good at learning as the pre...

For startup firms, innovation is their main modus operandi. At the organizational level, they are digital natives, birthed in the era of digital business models. Well-established, traditional businesses, however, face a unique set of challenges in introducing digital business models: how can they balance “keeping the lights on” with an existing non-digital business model while concurrently comm...

Daily Not used Daily Not used To play digital music files 62.8% 8.6% 57.7% 7.9% To play games 38.7% 13.0% 19.9% 19.5% To type a document 32.2% 2.2% 31.4% 0.5% To manage or manipulate pictures 14.7% 26.0% – – To create or manipulate images 10.1% 36.7% 6.7% 16.0% To execute commands 9.0% 49.4% – – To create or edit audio and video 8.6% 39.7% 3.7% 52.7% To create a database 8.3% 28.9% – – To creat...

The digital generation has many names: Net Generation, Generation@ or Digital Natives. The meaning behind these terms is, that the current generation of students is digitally and media literate, technology-savvy and are able to use other learning approaches than former generations. But these topics are discussed controversial and even the cause-effect-relationship is not as clear as it seems. D...