Educational computer games are sometimes considered to be motivating per se – because of the playing activity and do not require further motivational strategies. Therefore the concept of ‘flow experience’ is commonly used to describe how smooth gaming naturally results in deep engagement and, consequently, enhanced learning. Learning with an instructional game without discovering the instructio...

this study investigated metadiscourse and its subcategories in english research articles (ras) written by nonnative (iranian) and native english writers from the two disciplines of applied linguistics and civil engineering. the study aimed at seeing whether language and discipline influenced the frequency of occurrence of metadiscourse elements in research articles. to this end, a sample of 120...

Abstract Effectively promoting the stability and quality of ecosystem services involves successful management domesticated species control introduced species. In pollinator literature, interest concern regarding health dramatically increased in recent years. Concurrently, use loaded terms when discussing non-native may have increased. As a result, ecology has inherited both confusion associated...

Poultry are well recognized as possible carriers of Salmonella species. As part of the local foods movement, backyard poultry flocks have increased in popularity in recent years. Between 1996 and 2012, 45 outbreaks of human Salmonella infections linked to live poultry from mail-order hatcheries were documented. This review examines the history of live poultry-associated salmonellosis in humans ...

The proximate composition, pepsin digestibility, gross energy and macro mineral contents of 12 composite samples of poultry offal meal produced in Sri Lanka were analyzed. The average dry matter, ash, crude protein, crude fiber, ether extract, in vitro pepsin digestibility and gross energy of poultry offal meal were 92.3, 6.9, 48.9, 2.1, 32.4, 83.8% and 23.6 MJ kg, respectively. The average Ca,...

World poultry meat (chicken, turkey, duck, and specialty birds) consumption is of significant economic importance in more than 50 countries worldwide. Poultry is the second most consumed meat, globally, having overtaken beef-veal in 1996. Pork is the leading world meat. Poultry, however, is clearly the most dynamic in terms of gaining market share; adapting technology for breeding, feeding, pro...

Aim Between July 2005 and May 2008, Indonesia reported 133 H5N1 confi rmed human cases with a case fatality proportion of 81%. Fifty-four percent of cases had a history of direct contact with poultry (chickens). Therefore, it is important to defi ne the detection of antibody of H5N1 among people who have intensive contact with poultry have been exposed to H5N1 viruses. Methods We collected sera...

the present work was conducted to compare the occurrence of escherichia coli possessing virulence and esbl genes in backyard and farmed poultry. three hundred and sixty samples from the poultry kept in backyard system and 120 samples from the farmed birds were collected from west bengal, india. among the e. coli isolates of backyard poultry (o2, o10, o25, o55, o60, o106, ut), none of them posse...

With poultry from multiple sources and close contact between the public and poultry in Agricultural show settings, this presents risks for spreading disease. This project outlines the results of two questionnaires conducted face-to-face with 105 poultry exhibitors in NSW. Poultry exhibitors represent a group that little is formally known about. Exhibitors show heterogeneous travel networks that...

BACKGROUND Arsenicals (roxarsone and nitarsone) used in poultry production likely increase inorganic arsenic (iAs), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), and roxarsone or nitarsone concentrations in poultry meat. However, the association between poultry intake and exposure to these arsenic species, as reflected in elevated urinary arsenic concentrations, is unknown. OBJECT...