We analyse the optimal level of political decision making, national or regional. The benefit of policy making at the regional level is that it allows for policy differentiation, which serves the interests of regional majorities. The argument in favor of a national policy is that it may generate a more moderate policy, which protects the interests of regional minorities. Our paper analyses how t...

the world of law has been dominated by waves of codification or re-codification and by currents of harmonization and unification. innumerable institutions, not only in europe but around the globe including in iran, try to bring legal systems together, and to suggest uniform laws. such attempts necessarily rely on comparative law as the first methodological tool. the european experience is an il...

This analysis modifies the parsimonious specification of recently published total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) national-scale SPAtially Referenced Regressions On Watershed attributes models to allow each model coefficient to vary geographically among three major river basins of the conterminous United States. Regionalization of the national models reduces the standard errors in the p...

Topology has been shown to be an important determinant of many features of protein folding; however, the delineation of sequence effects on folding remains obscure. Furthermore, differentiation between the two influences proves difficult due to their intimate relationship. To investigate the effect of sequence in the absence of significant topological differences, we examined the folding mechan...

We present an optimistic synchronous relaxation algorithm for parallel kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulations of thin film growth. This algorithm is based on spatial decomposition of the KMC lattice and it employs two measures aimed at improving the parallel efficiency: dynamic global updating and domain boundary shifting. We utilize this algorithm to simulate two different growth models, which ...

this paper deals with the importance of regionalism in iran's foreign policy. some of the existing outlooks view the characteristics of iran's power structure and politics in such a way that make any security-political, economic and cultural coalition and cooperation difficult in the region. but the author holds that political, security and geopolitical changes in the middle east regi...

The national economy of most countries is made up of various regions (provinces) with different industrial composition, financial structure, trade relations, and institutional environment. Depending on these characteristics, regions may respond differently to a uniform national macroeconomic policy. Policymakers should consider these heterogeneities to achieve the national development objective...

production is termed as a complex process comprising of time and place factors interations. eficient managers may maximize their commercial profits through the recent mrjrture of the said factors. so plant location is an important ecrzptomk criterion and is applied as a guideline for the profit maximization. one of the salient point in market locatioa k the maximization of emency in national or...