Hypocretin-1 (orexin-A) was administered to sleep-deprived (30-36 h) rhesus monkeys immediately preceding testing on a multi-image delayed match-to-sample (DMS) short-term memory task. The DMS task used multiple delays and stimulus images and effectively measures cognitive defects produced by sleep deprivation (Porrino et al., 2005). Two methods of administration of orexin-A were tested, intrav...

To the Editor: In the recent paper by El Taoum and associates,1 an in vitro comparison of aerosol dose delivery using jet and vibrating mesh nebulizers with a variety of nasal interface devices in pediatric patient models was presented. The results of this study demonstrated that the jet nebulizer was more efficient than the vibrating mesh nebulizer across all of the nasal interface devices tes...

The goal of brain drug targeting technology is the delivery therapeutics across blood barrier (BBB), including human BBB. Nose to has received a great deal attention as non- invasive, convenient and reliable system. For systemic targetedadministration drug. various deliveries through some transport pathways, Factor influencing nasal absorption, formulation strategies nose brain, colloidal carri...