The purpose of this research was to analyze EFL writing tasks in the most popular ESOL (English for Speakers of Other Languages) exam preparation courses in Iran: IELTS, TOEFL, FCE and CAE. Having collected the criteria of writing task appropriateness in light of the process-oriented approach to writing instruction, 114 learner participants were asked to rate EFL writing tasks based on a checkl...

abstract in iran, most english teachers’ method of teaching writing is merely to have students do some writing exercises or simply to give them writing tests without any instruction, but writing is not an easy task for students, and teachers should be able to do more to facilitate their students’ writing. one of the ways to aid writing is dynamic assessment via graduated prompt. the graduated p...

Forensic psychiatry has evolved into a recognized specialty. Two core competencies, often overlooked but commonplace in forensic psychiatry, are the constructing of forensic reports and the presenting of oral testimony. This article concerns the written forensic report and conceptualizes it as performative writing. We first review the development of the forensic report's structure over the past...

Recently, there is a need for fostering the critical reflective side of L2 teacher education. This study investigated the implications of personal narrative (PN) and reflective journal (RJ) writing for Iranian EFL teachers’ reflective writing. Sixty (36 women and 24 men) in-service secondary school EFL teachers were selected based on the convenience sampling from Iran. L2 teachers equally divid...

Academic writing or expository is different in many ways than narrative descriptive essays. While the latter retells writers’ experience and observations, former requires writers to think plan before they can begin writing. This because no longer depends on their memory. They soon discover essay not merely transferring from oral thoughts written thoughts. cannot just retell what already know ha...

: This study investigated the impact of audio-visual input enhancement teaching techniques on improving English as Foreign Language (EFL) learnersˈ collocation learning as well as their accuracy concerning collocation use in narrative writing. In addition, it compared the impact and efficiency of audio-visual input enhancement in two learning contexts, namely traditional and mo...

Several models o f narrative persuasion posit that a reader’s phenomenolog­ ical experience o f a narrative plays a mediating role in the persuasive ef­ fects o f the narrative. Because the narrative reading experience is multi­ dimensional, this experiment investigates which dimensions o f this experi­ ence referred to here as narrative engagement mediate between read­ ing a story and the pers...

Narrative accounts of illness often focus on the sociological construction of illness and neglect the body. This paper explores themes of seeing and being seen in the narrative of an HIV positive man to show the importance of uncovering the psychological and corporeal experience of HIV. Such accounts complement and enhance conventional medical accounts of illness. Poignantly, it is a story of h...

INTRODUCTION Studies have reported associations between diaries kept for intensive care unit (ICU) patients and long-term quality-of-life and psychological outcomes in patients and their relatives. Little was known about perceptions of healthcare workers reading and writing in the diaries. We investigated healthcare worker perceptions the better to understand their opinions and responses to rea...

this study is an attempt at a colonial and postcolonial reading of joseph conrad’s lord jim. it is specifically focused on the narrative strategies used in the novel. in other words, it investigates the connection between the narrative strategy and a possible tone of imperialism in conrad’s novel. for the introduction, a brief review of conrad’s manner of writing and his peculiar ambiguity is p...