Successful river flow forecasting is a major goal and an essential procedure that is necessary in water resource planning and management. There are many forecasting techniques used for river flow forecasting. This study proposed a hybrid model based on a combination of two methods: Self Organizing Map (SOM) and Least Squares Support Vector Machine (LSSVM) model, referred to as the SOM-LSSVM mod...

We report on multiple patterns of differentiation and connectivity in the fanshell pearlymussel (Cyprogenia stegaria), based on different markers. Knowledge of genetic variation and genetic connectivity among remaining populations of this federally endangered species is needed to initiate implementation of the species recovery plan. We collected tissue samples from 96 specimens from the Green, ...

The bigeye chub, Hybopsis amblops, is a member of the Central Highlands ichthyofauna of eastern North America. Phylogenetic analyses of the H. amblops species group based on a 1059 bp fragment of the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b gene did not recover a monophyletic group. The inclusion of Hybopsis hypsinotus in the species complex is questionable. Within H. amblops, five strongly supported cla...

barfabad river is one of the most important surface water resources in the west of iran which passes from the south of kerend and through the islamabad city and receives high volume of human and industrial sewage. for assessing the water quality of the river, 8 stations were chosen and 72 samples were taken during 9 months from april 1997 to january 1998 and were analysed according to the stand...

Environmental flow of the river Sone at Indrapuri barrage was estimated using 36 years discharge data and the Global Environmental Flow Calculator Software. To maintain the river in moderate condition and to keep basic ecosystem functions intact, at least 18.9% of mean annual runoff (MAR) has been estimated, while the actual discharge of the river was merely 5.16% of MAR. The river presently ho...

The marginal lagoons of the Sorocaba River fulfil important functions in their lotic ecosystems and for its fish communities, providing shelter, food, and area for fish early stages of development. The lagoons are also an escape from the river pollution since the physical-chemical characteristics of their water are more stable than the river water. Nevertheless, these lagoons are under a series...

While the ecology and evolution of partial migratory systems (defined broadly to include skip spawning) have been well studied, we are only beginning to understand how partial migratory populations are responding to ongoing environmental change. Environmental change can lead to differences in the fitness of residents and migrants, which could eventually lead to changes in the frequency of the s...

The generalization operation should first make decision of object importance at geographic level, which relates not only to the geometric properties of independent object but also the other context objects. In the channel selection of river network, besides the length and the distribution density, the order, the angle, the distribution pattern, proportion of left river branch and right river br...

The taxonomy of two similar frogs from the top of the Drakensberg escarpment, the Maluti River Frog and the Phofung River Frog is not settled. I examine the relevant types and type descriptions, and discover a number of errors in the literature. Some of the recent taxonomic changes were found to be unsupported. The Maluti River Frog is assigned to Amietia vertebralis (Hewitt, 1927), and the Pho...

The goal of this paper is to introduce an adjoint approach for calculating stream depletion in a river that is hydraulically connected to an aquifer. This paper presents the coupled forward and adjoint equations of flow in an unconfined aquifer, a confined aquifer, and in a river. Flow in the river is assumed to follow Manning’s equation, and the river is assumed to have a wide, rectangular cro...