We show how by studying the Earth matter effect on oscillations of solar and supernova neutrinos inside the Earth one can in principle reconstruct the electron number density profile of the Earth. A direct inversion of the oscillation problem is possible due to the existence of a very simple analytic formula for the Earth matter effect on oscillations of solar and supernova neutrinos. From the ...

In this article, architectures for interplanetary communications that feature the use of a data relay are investigated. considered “two-leg” architecture, spacecraft orbiting Earth, or in orbit at Lagrange point, receives from deep-space probe (leg-1) and relays them toward ground (leg-2). Different wireless technologies link, namely, radio frequencies above Ka band optical frequencies, conside...

one of the crimes mentioned in the islamic jurisprudence and iranian statute laws as a crime against public security and security of the roads as well as terrifying the public is the crime of in fringement of public security and corruption on the earth. the present paper is an attempt to offer a comprehensive definition of “waging a war and corruption on the earth” from the jurisprudential and ...

Solvothermal reactions of the tricarboxylic acid ligand, biphenyl-3,3',5-tricarboxylic acid (H3bpta), and rare earth nitrate (Ln(NO3)3·6H2O) in the presence of KOH or DMF produced eight 1D linear coordination polymers, namely, [La(bpta)(H2O)5·(H2O)3]n (), [Pr(bpta)(H2O)5·(H2O)2.5]n (), [Nd(bpta)(H2O)5·(H2O)1.75]n (), [Sm(bpta)(H2O)5·(H2O)0.5]n () and [Ln(bpta)(DMF)(H2O)3·(H2O)]n [Ln = Eu (), Gd...

Our learning environment Science Assistments (www.scienceassistments.org; NSF-DRL# 0733286; NSFDGE# 0742503; NSF-DRL# 1008649; U.S. Dept of Ed.# R305A090170) scaffolds middle school students’ scientific processes, namely, hypothesizing, design of experiments, data interpretation, warranting claims with evidence, and communicating findings for Physical Science, Life Science, and Earth Science. W...

The photosystem II reaction centre is the photosynthetic complex responsible for oxygen production on Earth. Its water splitting function is particularly favoured by the formation of a stable charge separated state via a pathway that starts at an accessory chlorophyll. Here we envision a photovoltaic device that places one of these complexes between electrodes and investigate how the mean curre...

Knowledge of the solar irradiance background is of great importance to solar and stellar physics. In particular, its contribution to the solar oscillations power spectrum is highly relevant as it represents the ultimate limit to the sensitivity of solar oscillations’ observations. An analysis of the power spectra of the solar photometric data coming from four different instruments two space-bor...

Claimed human-caused warming of the Earth to dangerous and unprecedented levels by human-related emissions of carbon dioxide is contradicted mainly by a non-correlation of carbon dioxide levels with warming. Details are given of misleading proxy temperature reconstructions, as well as of misleading proxy atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. Evidence is presented to show that trepidation a...

Solids with strong electron–electron interaction, namely strongly correlated electron systems (SCES), have various physical properties, such as non-BCS superconducting, colossal magneto-resistance, heavy fermion and so on, which cannot be predicted by first-principle band structure calculation. Due to the physical properties, the materials are the candidates of the next generation functional ma...

Cells, which are the basic unit of life, are the most intelligent particles on earth. Recent advances in life science research encourage the development of cell therapy utilizing specialized functions of highly differentiated cells, the self-renewal and differentiation abilities of stem cells, and signal networks among various types of cells. Although cell therapy including ex vivo gene therapy...