SUMMARY This paper introduces the main ideas of Formal Concept Analysis in a very elementary way without using formal mathematical definitions. It leads the reader to an understanding of an important technique of graphical knowledge representation namely the line diagrams of concept lattices. As a short application some aspects of conceptual learning using attribute exploration are described. I...

Resurfacing arthroplasty of the shoulder is not a new concept in orthopedic surgery. Although only a few reports describe the indications, technique, and results, experience with these devices continues to grow. A specific advantage of resurfacing arthroplasty, the concept of a bone-preserving procedure, may prove to be particularly important in younger patients who require prosthetic arthropla...

Anaemia is a common condition in Malaysia, and is mostly due to iron deficiency. In many cases, allogeneic blood transfusion (ABT) is administered unnecessarily to treat anaemia. Patient blood management (PBM) is a concept whereby a patient becomes his or her "own blood bank", instead of receiving ABT. The concept encompasses three pillars namely optimising erythropoiesis, minimising blood loss...

The purpose of this article is to demonstrate how a particular narrative approach in nursing, namely the photo instrument can be connected with Ricoeur's hermeneutic philosophy. Ricoeur's concept of mimesis, when supplemented with the concept of performance, is shown relevant for understanding how patients construct and reformulate meaning in illness experiences. A single-case study is presente...

This paper presents a framework for assessing the fiscal condition index (FCI) and develops a concept to assess fiscal condition of governments and implements it into Iran government as an oil exporting country. The concept consists of four dimensions ­-revenue, expenditure, budget balance, and debt structure-and each dimension has its own indicators. There are seven indicators examined namely ...

The concept of Iranian traditional musical modes, namely DASTGÄH, is the basis for the traditional music system. The concept introduces seven DASTGÄHs. It is not an easy process to distinguish these modes and such practice is commonly performed by an experienced person in this field. Apparently, applying artificial intelligence to do such classification requires a combination of the basic infor...