The increasing prevalence of soil salinity is one of the most significant obstacles to improving crop productivity. Recent advances in genetic and molecular analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants, ion transporters and stress signaling proteins have improved our understanding of the mechanisms of cellular ion homeostasis and its regulation in plants. Since Na toxicity is the principal stress c...

Exposure to acidic and alkaline pHs results in an ionic imbalance. Cellular responses involved osmoregulation silver catfish exposed different (5.5, 7.5, 9.0) for 24 h were evaluated. The gills kidney collected measure Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) activities evaluate the expression of ion transporter-related genes: NKA (atp1a1), H+-ATPases (atp6v0a1b, atp6v0a2a, atp6v0a2b), Na+/H+ a...

Ca efflux by Ca cation antiporter (CaCA) proteins is important for maintenance of Ca homeostasis across the cell membrane. Recently, the monomeric structure of the prokaryotic Na/Ca exchanger (NCX) antiporter NCX_Mj protein from Methanococcus jannaschii shows an outward-facing conformation suggesting a hypothesis of alternating substrate access for Ca efflux. To demonstrate conformational chang...

Na(+)/H(+) exchangers are a family of ubiquitous membrane proteins. In higher eukaryotes they regulate cytosolic pH by removing an intracellular H(+) in exchange for an extracellular Na(+). In yeast and Escherichia coli, Na(+)/H(+) exchangers function in the opposite direction to remove intracellular Na(+) in exchange for extracellular H(+). Na(+)/H(+) exchangers display an internal pH-sensitiv...

Sodium (Na) exclusion is vital for plants to cope with salt stress, and the plasma membrane Na+/H+ antiporter, SALT OVERLY SENSITIVE 1 (SOS1), has been known play a central role in this process although function of molecule not completely understood. In study, we performed 22Na+ radiotracer experiments investigate SOS1 mature root zone. Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings were placed on gel medium, ...