The crystal structures of a series of 3,39-dinitro-2,29-bipyridine N-oxides and N,N9-dioxides consistently show 1,5 interactions between nitro oxygen atoms and aromatic carbon atoms ((ON)O...C: 2.623(2)–2.839(2) Å) while there are also 1,6 interactions between N-oxide oxygen atoms and nitro nitrogen atoms in most cases (O...N(O2): 2.737(2)–2.874(3) Å). The O...C interactions appears to be a com...

Adipokines such as leptin play important roles in the regulation of energy metabolism, particularly in the control of appetite. Here, we describe a hormone, mimecan, which is abundantly expressed in adipose tissue. Mimecan was observed to inhibit food intake and reduce body weight in mice. Intraperitoneal injection of a mimecan-maltose binding protein (-MBP) complex inhibited food intake in C57...

Reducing β amyloid- (Aβ-) induced microglial activation is believed to be effective in treating Alzheimer's disease (AD). Microglia can be activated into classic activated state (M1 state) or alternative activated state (M2 state), and the former is harmful; in contrast, the latter is beneficial. Gypenoside (GP) is the major bioactive constituent of Gynostemma pentaphyllum, a traditional Chines...

It is important to obtain structure-activity relationship (SAR) data across cationic lipids for the self-assembly and nonviral intracellular delivery of siRNA. The aims of this work are to carry out a SAR study on the efficiency of asymmetrical N(4),N(9)-diacyl spermines in siRNA delivery and EGFP reporter gene silencing, with comparisons to selected mixtures composed of symmetrical N(4),N(9)-d...

The aging trend of the population in Hong Kong and Macau is evident, so pension system especially significant. This research paper uses document analysis a double-case study as method. It path dependence critical moments historical institutionalism theory theoretical tools for political economy analysis. discussion argues that “the social culture shaped by local politics,” combination economic ...