Medicago truncatula (barrel medic) A17 is currently being sequenced as a model legume, complementing the sequenced root nodule bacterial strain Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021 (Sm1021). In this study, the effectiveness of the Sm1021-M. truncatula symbiosis at fixing N(2) was evaluated. N(2) fixation effectiveness was examined with eight Medicago species and three accessions of M. truncatula with Sm...

Morbidity associated with femur fractures in polytrauma patients is known to be high. The many unsolved clinical questions include the immunological effect of the fracture and its fixation, timing of fracture fixation, management of fracture non-union, effect of infection and critical size of bone defects. The aim of this study was to establish a clinically-relevant and reproducible animal mode...

Picoplankton populations dominate the planktonic community in surface oligotrophic ocean. Yet, their strategies acquisition and partitioning of organic inorganic sources nitrogen (N) carbon (C) are poorly described. Here, we measured at single-cell level uptake dissolved C (C-fixation), C-leucine, N-leucine, nitrate (NO3?), ammonium (NH4+), N-urea pigmented nonpigmented picoplankton groups six ...

The conversion of electrical current into methane (electromethanogenesis) by microbes represents one of the most promising applications of bioelectrochemical systems (BES). Electromethanogenesis provides a novel approach to waste treatment, carbon dioxide fixation and renewable energy storage into a chemically stable compound, such as methane. This has become an important area of research since...

Discrepancies between bioavailable nitrogen (N) concentrations and phytoplankton growth rates in the oligotrophic waters of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) suggest that undetermined N sources must play a significant role in supporting primary productivity. One such source could be biological dinitrogen (N2) fixation through the activity of "diazotrophic" bacterioplankton. Here, we investigated N2 ...

Nitrogen (N) recycling is essential for efficient food production in regenerative life support systems. Crew members with a high workload need 90–100 g of protein per person day, which about 14 N, or 1 mole day. Most this N excreted through urine 85% as urea. Plants take up predominantly nitrate and ammonium, but direct uptake urea possible small amounts. Efficient requires maintenance pH waste...

Laminar closure is associated with expansive open-door laminoplasty. Suture anchor fixation and titanium miniplate fixation are used to prevent laminar reclosure. However, few studies have compared the clinical effects of the 2 fixation methods. The authors performed a prospective study of 55 patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy who underwent single open-door laminoplasty with suture a...

To understand the impact of the northwestern Azores Current Front (NW-AzC/AzF) system on HCO3--and N2-fixation activities and unicellular diazotrophic cyanobacteria (UCYN) distribution, we combined geochemical and biological approaches from the oligotrophic surface to upper mesopelagic waters. N2-fixation was observed to sustain 45-85% of the HCO3--fixation in the picoplanktonic fraction perfor...

Estimates of nonsymbiotic and associative nitrogen fixation indicate that nitrogen fixation occurs at magnitudes that may be of agronomic significance. Long-term N balances for crop production, although difficult to measure, are necessary for estimating the amounts of N2 fixed. Techniques using N directly to measure nitrogen fixation and problems involved in employing these techniques are discu...