Abstract English cross beef calves (n=115; BW = 245 + 40 kg) were used in the first of a three-year project to examine effects three weaning systems on post performance. Cattle stratified by age dam and assigned to: 1) Drylot (DRY), 2) Pasture (PAST) or 3) Fenceline (FEN) system. Calves DRY physically separated from their dams fed mixed ration across 4 pens. PAST 2 pastures consisting Bermudagr...

In this article, we offer a new, macroergonomics perspective on the long-debated issue of function allocation. We believe thinking in this domain needs to be realigned, moving away from the traditional microergonomics conceptualisation, concerned predominantly with task-based decisions, and towards a macroergonomics approach, viewing function allocation choices as central to effective systems d...