We now justify the limit of approximately adiabatic switching (discussed in the Effective Action section of the main text), which underpins our functional-integral formalism. The extent to which the assumption of adiabatic switching fails is given by the flux of energy through the system, which is the sum of the irreversible contributions due to (i) spontaneous emission and (ii) cavity-photon l...

The swallowtail butterfly, Papilio xuthus, selectively uses a limited number of plants in the Rutaceae family. The butterfly detects oviposition stimulants in leaves through foreleg chemosensilla and requires a specific combination of multiple oviposition stimulants to lay eggs on the leaf of its host plants. In this study, we sought to elucidate the mechanism underlying the regulation of ovipo...

We consider a mixed-boundary-value/interface problem for the elliptic operator P = − ∑ ij ∂i(aij∂ju) = f on a polygonal domain Ω ⊂ R2 with straight sides. We endowed the boundary of Ω partially with Dirichlet boundary conditions u = 0 on ∂DΩ, and partially with Neumann boundary conditions ∑ ij νiaij∂ju = 0 on ∂NΩ. The coefficients aij are piecewise smooth with jump discontinuities across the in...

Methods and results All hearts were exposed to 30-min regional ischemia followed by 120-(isolated hearts) or 180-(in situ hearts) min reperfusion. BAY 58-2667 (1–50 nM) infused for 60-min starting 5-min before reperfusion significantly reduced infarction from 33.0 ± 3.2% in control isolated rabbit hearts to 9.5–12.7% (p < 0.05). In a more clinically relevant in situ rabbit model infarct size wa...

Counting the number of all the matchings on a bipartite graph has been transformed into calculating the permanent of a matrix obtained from the extended bipartite graph by Yan Huo, and Rasmussen presents a simple approach (RM) to approximate the permanent, which just yields a critical ratio O(nω(n)) for almost all the 0-1 matrices, provided it’s a simple promising practical way to compute this ...

We consider boolean circuits in which every gate may compute an arbitrary boolean function of k other gates, for a parameter k. We give an explicit function f : {0, 1} → {0, 1} that requires at least Ω(log2 n) non-input gates when k = 2n/3. When the circuit is restricted to being layered and depth 2, we prove a lower bound of nΩ(1) on the number of non-input gates. When the circuit is a formula...

Muscular atrophy is a progressive degeneration characterized by muscular proteolysis, loss of mass and decrease in fiber area. Tendon rupture induces muscular atrophy due to an intrinsic functional connection. Local inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) by Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) accelerates tendon histological recovery and induces functional improvement. Here we evaluate ...

BACKGROUND Silver fir trunk extract (SFTE) is a complex mixture of antioxidative polyphenols (lignans and phenolic acids) from the trunks of silver fir trees (Abies alba, lignum). In our previous study, we have shown that SFTE exerts strong antioxidative and protective effects against atherogenic, diet-induced arterial wall damage. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to test the potent...

Ximenia americana L. (Olacaceae) is used in ethnomedicine as cicatrizant and for the treatment of gastric disorders. This study identified the chemical constituents of the aqueous extract of X. americana (XaAE) and evaluated its antiulcerogenic activity. After lyophilization, XaAE was analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and its antiulcerogenic effect was evaluated in acu...