PURPOSE Strabismus is an oculomotor disorder in which there is a misalignment of the visual axes of the eyes. Inferior oblique muscle (IOM) overaction is a common finding in comitant horizontal strabismus, but its origin is unclear. Recent studies have demonstrated that myogenic satellite cells (SCs) are still activated in adult extraocular muscles, with continuous myonuclear addition in normal...

Genes encoding the myogenic regulating factors MyoD and myogenin and the structural muscle proteins myosin light chain 2 (MyLC2) and myosin heavy chain (MyHC) were isolated from juvenile Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.). The impact of temperature on their temporal and spatial expression during somitogenesis were examined by incubating halibut embryos at 4, 6 and 8 degrees C, and ...

In the adult skeletal muscle, various kinds of trauma promote proliferation of satellite cells that differentiate into myoblasts forming new myofibers or to repair the damaged one. The aim of present work was to perform a comparative spatial and temporal analysis of connexin (Cx) 37, Cx39, Cx40, Cx43, and Cx45 expression in the adult regenerating skeletal muscle in response to crush injury. Wit...

Two skeletal muscle-specific regulatory factors, myogenin and MyoD1, share extensive homology within a myc similarity region and have each been shown to activate the morphologic and molecular events associated with myogenesis after transfection into nonmyogenic cells. The BC3H1 muscle cell line expresses myogenin and other muscle-specific genes, but does not express MyoDl during differentiation...

The ubiquitin-proteasome system plays an important role in the degradation of myofibrillar proteins that occurs in muscle wasting. Many studies have demonstrated the importance of enzymes mediating conjugation of ubiquitin. However, little is known about the role of deubiquitinating enzymes. We previously showed that the USP19-deubiquitinating enzyme is induced in atrophying skeletal muscle (Co...

The aim of this study was to examine the time course activation of select myogenic (MRF4, Myf5, MyoD, myogenin) and metabolic (CD36, CPT1, HKII, and PDK4) genes after an acute bout of resistance (RE) or run (Run) exercise. Six RE subjects [25 +/- 4 yr (mean +/- SD), 74 +/- 14 kg, 1.71 +/- 0.11 m] and six Run subjects (25 +/- 4 yr, 72 +/- 5 kg, 1.81 +/- 0.07 m, 63 +/- 8 ml.kg(-1).min(-1)) were s...