The production of maize has significant nutrient needs, notably for nitrogen. Considering the negative impact chemical fertilizer on ecosystem, alternative supply nutrients that is easily accessible and environmentally benign must be sourced. This study looked into effects inoculating mycorrhizae diazotrophs growth biomass output maize. treatments included three (3) levels mycorrhiza (without m...

to evaluate the effect of biofertilizers on yield and yield components of a soybean cultivar (m9) under water stress condition, a study was carried out in a split plot randomized complete block design with three replications at research station of bu ali sina university in 2012. the main plots included three levels of irrigation after 50, 100 and 150 mm evaporation from a pan and subplots inclu...

Abstrak. Tanaman nilam (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) termasuk tanaman herba yang menghasilkan minyak atsiri. Tujuan penelitian yaitu untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis mikoriza dan varietas terhadap pertumbuhan hasil pada tanah entisol serta interaksi antara kedua faktor tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok, pola faktorial 3 x 2 dengan ulangan, hingga terdapat 6 kombinasi perl...

Like predation and competition, mutualism is now recognized as a consumer-resource (C-R) interaction, including, in particular, bi-directional (e.g., coral, plant-mycorrhizae) and uni-directional (e.g., ant-plant defense, plant-pollinator) C-R mutualisms. Here, we develop general theory for the density-dependent population dynamics of mutualism based on the C-R mechanism of interspecific intera...

A plant's performance and interactions with other trophic levels are recorgnized to be contingent upon plant diversity and underlying associational dynamics, but far less is known about the plant traits driving such phenomena. We manipulated diversity in plant traits using pairs of plant and a substitutive design to elucidate the mechanisms underlying diversity effects operating at a fine spati...

The introduction of alien plants into a new range can result in the loss of co-evolved symbiotic organisms, such as mycorrhizal fungi, that are essential for normal plant physiological functions. Prior studies of mycorrhizal associations in alien plants have tended to focus on individual plant species on a case-by-case basis. This approach limits broad scale understanding of functional shifts a...

Soil microbial populations are immersed in a framework of interactions known to affect plant fitness and soil quality. They are involved in fundamental activities that ensure the stability and productivity of both agricultural systems and natural ecosystems. Strategic and applied research has demonstrated that certain co-operative microbial activities can be exploited, as a low-input biotechnol...

The majority of terrestrial plants live in association with symbiotic fungi that facilitate mineral nutrient uptake. The oldest and most prevalent of these associations are the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbioses that first evolved approximately 400 million years ago, coinciding with the appearance of the first land plants. Crop domestication, in comparison, is a relatively recent event, begi...

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are root symbionts that can increase or decrease aphid growth rates and reproduction, but the reason by which this happens is unknown. To investigate the underlying mechanisms of this interaction, we examined the effect of AM fungi on the English Grain aphid (Sitobion avenae) development, reproduction, attraction, settlement and feeding behaviour on two natural...

Trichoderma species are known globally mostly for the production of industrially useful enzymes as well as their biocontrol ability against plant pathogens. One of the major strategies of biological control is mycoparasitism against fungal pathogens of crop plants. However, till recently the mechanisms of mycoparasitism by biocontrol potential Trichoderma species at molecular level were not cle...