Infection of mice with Mycobacterium avium or immunization with a novel PE gene expressed by M. avium (MaPE) showed that a dominant T-cell immune response was elicited. Immunization with an MaPE DNA vaccine protected mice against an aerosol challenge with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, suggesting that mycobacteria express PE antigens with cross-protective T-cell epitopes.

Infections with atypical mycobacteria in Australia during 2000 occurred at a rate of 1.8 cases per 100,000 population. The main sites of disease were the respiratory tract, soft tissue, and the lymphatics. The Mycobacterium avium complex was the most common group of mycobacteria isolated from respiratory, lymphatic sites, and blood. The rapidly growing mycobacteria, predominantly the M. fortuit...

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis causes Johne's disease, a systemic infection and chronic inflammation of the intestine that affects many species, including primates. Infection is widespread in livestock, and human populations are exposed. Johne's disease is associated with immune dysregulation, with involvement of the enteric nervous system overlapping with features of irritable bow...

Studies seeking Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in Crohn's disease by PCR have generated inconsistent findings. As an alternative, microscopy offers a number of advantages, including direct visualization of organisms in tissue. Experimental infections have demonstrated that M. avium organisms can be seen by both acid-fast staining and species-specific in situ hybridization, but beca...

Preface Primary Changes in the Recommendations How to Use the Information in This Report Disease-Specific Recommendations Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia Toxoplasmic Encephalitis Cryptosporidiosis Microsporidiosis Tuberculosis Disseminated Infection with Mycobacterium avium Complex Bacterial Respiratory Infections Bacterial Enteric Infections Infection with Bartonella (Formerly Rochalimaea) Cand...

Whole chromosomal DNA probes were used to identify clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium complex, and Mycobacterium gordonae. The probe for M. tuberculosis was prepared from Mycobacterium bovis BCG, which has been shown to be closely related to M. tuberculosis. A probe for the M. avium complex was prepared from three strains representing each of the three DNA homo...

The incidence of lung and other diseases due to nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is increasing. NTM sources include potable water, especially in households where NTM populate pipes, taps, and showerheads. NTM share habitats with free-living amoebae (FLA) and can grow in FLA as parasites or as endosymbionts. FLA containing NTM may form cysts that protect mycobacteria from disinfectants and anti...

In recent years there has been an increase in the incidence of nontuberculous mycobacteriosis, particularly of Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease, among people without HIV infection in many countries [1]. In Japan, the estimated incidence rate of nontuberculous mycobacteriosis in the 1970s was around 1.0 per 100,000 populations, but by 2007 it had risen to about 5.8 per 100,000, the highe...