Reciprocal altruism, one of the most probable explanations for cooperation among non-kin, has been modelled as a Prisoner's Dilemma. According to this game, cooperation could evolve when individuals, who expect to play again, use conditional strategies like tit-for-tat or Pavlov. There is evidence that humans use such strategies to achieve mutual cooperation, but most controlled experiments wit...

I argue that the analysis of different kinds of cooperation will benefit from an account of the cognitive and communicative functions required for that cooperation. I review different models of cooperation in game theory—reciprocal altruism, indirect reciprocity, cooperation about future goals, and conventions—with respect to their cognitive and communicative prerequisites. The cognitive factor...

On 1 May 2021, the EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA) entered formally into force. This article asks whether mutual trust exists after Brexit it plays any role in future judicial cooperation between EU UK, provided for newly applicable TCA. The human rights conditionality introduced by TCA, new government mechanism established to enforce it, aim ascertain continuous UK without addition...

The \social dilemma" is a problem inherent in forming and maintaining cooperation among sel sh individuals, and is of fundamental importance in the biological and social sciences. From the viewpoint of traditional game theory, the existence of the social dilemma necessarily implies degeneration into sel sh behavior as the numbers of members in a community increases, unless there exists some ext...

The fixation properties of a simple prisoner's dilemma game in the presence of "cooperation facilitators" have recently been investigated in finite and well-mixed populations for various dynamics [Mobilia, Phys. Rev. E 86, 011134 (2012)]. In a Comment, Miękisz claims that, for cooperation to be favored by selection in the standard prisoner's dilemma games with facilitators, it suffices that f(C...

The evolution and maintenance of cooperation in human and animal societies challenges various disciplines ranging from evolutionary biology, to anthropology, social sciences and economics. In social interactions, cooperators increase the welfare of the group at some cost to themselves whereas defectors attempt to free-ride and neither provide benefits nor incur costs. The problem of cooperation...