A mutagenic evaluation of captan, folpet, captafol, dichlofluanid and related compounds was carried out using the Salmonella/mammalian microsome test using strains TA102 and TA104. These strains contain A-T base pairs at the site of the mutation in contrast to the other Salmonella tester strains that detect mutagens damaging G-C base pairs. In addition, the excision repair system of the TA102 s...

Fried ground beef has been shown to contain mutagens, and the major mutagenic component has been identified as 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx). Mutagens in feces of three adult volunteers were fractionated by treatment of the feces with blue cotton followed by chromatography on a carboxymethyl cellulose column. The chromatographic fraction corresponding to MeIQx in terms o...

The genetic toxicology databases for chemicals that have been tested extensively are generally composed of inconsistent responses from a diverse set of assays. Consequently, difficulties arise when the data are evaluated for classifying the agent or for assessing the chemical's hazard potential. Several years ago, the International Commission for Protection against Environmental Mutagens and Ca...

Genotoxicity is a word in genetics defined as a destructive effect on a cell's genetic material (DNA, RNA) affecting its integrity. Genotoxins are mutagens; they can cause mutations. Genotoxins include both radiation and chemical genotoxins. A substance that has the property of genotoxicity is known as a genotoxin. There are three primary effects that genotoxins can have on organisms by affecti...

This paper reviews several monitoring studies where the short-term HPRT assay has been applied. The original method uses autoradiography to detect 3H-thymidine incorporation in variant cells that have undergone DNA synthesis; the bromodeoxyuridine modification employs this thymidine analog and fluorescence plus Giemsa staining. The studies discussed here were accomplished with either of these m...

Altman, Jennie, "Potent mutagens have positive and negative effects on viral fitness of Reovirus in vitro" (2013). Honors Theses. Paper 22. Due to the inherently error-prone nature of RNA replication, mutations to genomes of RNA viruses occur frequently and accumulate. We hypothesized that RNA versions of nucleoside analogues that increase mutation rates in DNA could cause increases in the muta...

Using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 100 and TA 1535, the mutagenicity and anti-mutagenicity of extracts of several spices were checked. Spices like pepper, pippali, ginger and mustard increased the number of revertants indicating their mutagenic potential. Garlic extract on the other hand was found to inhibit the mutagenicity produced by direct acting mutagens such as N-methyl N'-nitro-N-ni...

The age old paradigm of quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) is the congenericity principle which states that similar structures usually have similar properties. But these days a lot of large and structurally diverse data sets of chemicals with the same experimental data (dependent variable) are available. Starting with the same classes of descriptors we extracted the two subsets...

The use of mutagenis to produce strains with desired characteristics including increased biosynthetic capacity is an established part of industrial research (Stauffer and Backus, 1954; Dulaney, 1955; Backus and Stauffer, 1955). Publications indicate that much of this work has been done with ionizing and nonionizing radiation. The mutagenic effect of mustard gas for Drosophila spp. (Auerbach et ...

The first step toward elucidating the mutagenic effects of chemicals and pathways is to determine the specificity of the mutations generated spontaneously or in response to treatment with mutagens. We constructed a set of plasmid-encoded probes for the specific detection of each type of base substitution mutation. Using these probes, we were able to quickly determine both the mutation rate an...