Aim of the study is to investigate the effect and the duration of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) on the muscle spasticity of the hand and the wrist. We studied 15 patients affected by stroke associated to severe spasticity in upper limb. Clinical examination, neurological scales (NIH scale and Ashworth scales) and a video were performed before and immediately after the placebo and rea...

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess short-term effects of botulinum toxin A in ambulant adults with spastic cerebral palsy. DESIGN A single-centre double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. SUBJECTS Patients were recruited through advertisements. Inclusion criteria were: spastic cerebral palsy, age 18-65 years, decreased walking, walking without aids for minimum 20 m, and...

The current practice in Germany and Austria, and the safety and efficacy of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A; Dysport) in the treatment of patients with post-stroke arm spasticity (with no fixed upper-limb contractures), were assessed in this observational prospective non-interventional study. One treatment cycle was documented with assessments at baseline, approximately week 4 (optional), and ap...

The passive mechanical properties of small muscle fiber bundles obtained from surgical patients with spasticity (n = 9) and patients without neuromuscular disorders (n = 21) were measured in order to determine the relative influence of intracellular and extracellular components. For both types of patient, tangent modulus was significantly greater in bundles compared to identical tests performed...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We sought to define an effective and safe dose of botulinum toxin type A (Dysport) for the treatment of upper limb muscle spasticity due to stroke. METHODS This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study. Patients received either a placebo or 1 of 3 doses of Dysport (500, 1000, 1500 U) into 5 muscles of the affected arm. Efficacy...

BACKGROUND Limited empirical information exists regarding botulinum toxin-A injector decision-making practices for adult upper limb post-stroke spasticity. The design of most studies prevents such an assessment, as injection sites and dosage are mandated by researcher protocols. This contrasts to usual injector practices, where individualized decision-making is the standard of care. DESIGN Se...

Introduction The influence of spasticity may be represented as a dynamical constraint on functional performance. Spasticity has been defined as “a motor disorder characterized by a velocity dependent increase in stretch reflexes ...”. This pathologic reflex behavior is associated with increased resistance to motion at increased velocities thereby limiting the velocity and frequency of voluntary...

Spasticity management is pivotal for achieving functional recovery of stroke patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a single trial of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on spasticity and balance in chronic stroke patients. Forty-two chronic stroke patients were randomly allocated into the TENS (n = 22) or the placebo-TENS (n = 20) group. TENS st...

Context: Cerebral palsy is condition that caused by neurological damage, which leads to problems in the somatosensory systems. It can cause spasticity involved muscles leading poor function, limitations range of motion, balance and coordination. Therapeutic use whole-body vibration therapy for management mentioned symptoms have been reported literature. This review study examines effect on spas...