A shed cave structure with a sand cushion is often used as protective for rockfall disasters. Because of the randomness and unpredictability disasters, cushions caves suffer multiple impacts from rockfalls. Aiming at problem rockfall, this paper uses three-dimensional discrete element method to study dynamic response on different heights. Before conducting large-scale simulation studies, input ...

Previous work in rigid body dynamic simulation has relied on rigid body impact models to model collisions. The well-known models due to Newton, Poisson, and Brach, are each based on a deenition of a coeecient of restitution for rigid body impact. The objective of this paper is to develop a new model that overcomes the deeciencies of these models in frictional impacts and to present a formulatio...

Compound climate extremes are receiving increasing attention because of their disproportionate impacts on humans and ecosystems. However, risks assessments generally focus on univariate statistics. We analyze the co-occurrence of hot and dry summers and show that these are correlated, inducing a much higher frequency of concurrent hot and dry summers than what would be assumed from the independ...

Gerrit Hansen, Daíthí Stone, Maximilian Auffhammer Abstract— In the context of impacts research, detection and attribution exercises evaluate whether aspects of human and natural systems are changing in response to the impetus of climate change. Concepts and methods for detection and attribution have been established in the physical science community, evaluating changes in the climate system du...

urmia lake and its surroundng wetlands have been severely affected by recent droughts (1998–2003) and a considerable decrease in inflow has affected lake ecosystem components. integrated ecosystem-based management is a useful managing tool for the wise use and biodiversity conservation of wetlands. in the process of developing an integrated ecosystem-based management model for urmia lake, the i...

We investigate the ability of three different crop models of varying complexity for capturing El Niño–Southern Oscillation-based climate variability impacts on the U.S. Corn Belt (1981–2010). Results indicate that crop models, irrespective of their complexity, are able to capture the impacts of climate variability on yield. Multiple-model ensemble analysis provides best results. There was no si...

to be collected (such as deaths, injuries, economic loss, people affected). Protocols (or ontologies) for hazard and impact definitions also are needed to ensure compatible loss attribution, particularly for complex events consisting of multiple hazard types. Furthermore, to foster trust, transparency and accountability, the information must be publicly available and curated by accepted bodies,...