Objective: To determine contraceptive knowledge and practices among multiparous women. Study Design: Cross Sectional, Multicenter study. Setting: Gynae Unit I of Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore Gynecology Department Government Teaching Shahdara. Period: 1st July 2019 to 31st December, 2019. Material & Methods: A total 448 women were randomly selected from 2 tertiary care hospitals. structure...

BACKGROUND Although previous studies have found that maternal smoking decreases the risk of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), the difference of this effect between primiparous and multiparous women has not been well studied and the results of the exposure-response relationships between maternal smoking and PIH are inconsistent. No previous study has specifically examined the relationship be...

BACKGROUND At least 20% of all women and 40% of women over the age of 40 years have uterine leiomyomas. They distort the overlying endometrium and can become extruded or pedunculated (fibroid polyp) in the endometrial canal. The diagnosis of myomas is usually based upon the finding of an enlarged, mobile uterus with an irregular contour on bimanual examination or an incidental finding on transa...

Background: Around 20% of birthing women report high levels of childbirth fear. Fear potentially impacts women’s emotional health, preparation for birth, and birth outcomes. Evidence suggests that personal and external factors contribute to childbirth fear, however results vary. Aim: To identify pyscho-social factors associated with childbirth fear and possible antenatal predictors of childbirt...

BACKGROUND Pain after vaginal delivery can interfere with the activities of daily living. We hypothesized that epidural medication administered after delivery would be of benefit for acute postpartum pain management. The objective of this study was to assess whether epidural morphine after vaginal delivery would reduce the analgesic requirements for perineal pain. METHODS This randomized, dou...

Real-time quantitative PCR (RTQ-PCR) provides a quick, accurate, and reproducible quantification of parasites. However, the value of RTQ-PCR for predicting clinical outcomes of malaria is unknown. Here, we compared RTQ-PCR to microscopy of blood smears, nested PCR (nPCR), and parasite circulating-antigen (CAg) assays for detection of Plasmodium falciparum in pregnant Kenyan women and their infa...

INTRODUCTION Pain experienced during labor is probably the most painful event in the lives of women. Environment itself influences a mother's experience of pain. Tension and stress resulting from pregnancy crisis and labor increase when the mother is hospitalized, which is concomitant with stressful situations and factors that affect pain perception during labor. The purpose of this study was t...