Evolution is often conceived as changes in the properties of a population over generations. Does this notion exhaust the possible dynamics of evolution? Life is hierarchically organized, and evolution can operate at multiple levels with conflicting tendencies. Using a minimal model of such conflicting multilevel evolution, we demonstrate the possibility of a novel mode of evolution that challen...

While information technology (IT) serves as a new source of sustainable competitive advantage for firms, it also induces hyperturbulent environments (or hyperturbulence) that erode that sustainable competitive advantage. In this paper, we posit that these contradictions might be due to cross-level nonlinear causality between firm-level IT-based strategic actions and collective-level IT-induced ...

external fluted feed rolls are commonly used in grain drills. the fluted feed roll meters a volume of seeds and does not singulate the seeds as do the precision planters; therefore, there will be inherent variation in the number of seeds delivered per unit of time. this research was conducted to investigate the effect of seed meter drive shaft and ground speeds and outlet positions in a grain d...

background: the study was developed in order to find a subset of potential factors, which affect birth distance pattern, regarding consideration on correlation of events of birth in a family and correlation within clusters/centers which other studies omit these correlations. methods: referring to documents that were registered for family in the health care centers on socio-economical zone, we c...

Persistent superrotation is seen in the atmospheres of other terrestrial bodies (Venus, Titan) but not in that of present Earth, which is distinguished by equatorial easterlies. Nevertheless, superrotation has appeared in numerical simulations of Earth’s atmosphere, from two-layer models to multilevel comprehensive GCMs. Simulations of warm climates that generate enhanced tropical convective va...

Multilevel power converters provide more than two levels of voltage to achieve smoother and less distorted ac to-dc, dc-to-ac, and dc-to-dc power conversion. This paper presents a generalized multilevel inverter (converter) topology with self voltage balancing. The generalized multilevel inverter topology provides a true multilevel structure that can balance each DC voltage level automatically ...

This paper shows that versatile stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) systems still demand on at least one battery inverter with improved characteristics of robustness and efficiency, which can be achieved using multilevel topologies. A compilation of the most common topologies of multilevel converters is presented, and it shows which ones are best suitable among the NPC/ Cascaded H-Bridge to implement...

Now a day the electrical energy utilization is increasing day by day like in industries, home appliances, and in electric vehicles. In electric vehicles the electrical energy is required to drive the motor drives. The electrical energy is given to electric drives through batteries like lead-acid, lithium, etc. Batteries are connected in series to provide energy cause circuit damage, voltage imb...

Abstract: We present the optimization of the manufacturing process of the 5nm bulk-FinFET technology by using the 3D process and device simulations. In this paper, bysimulating the manufacturing processes, we focus on optimizing the manufacturingprocess to improve the drive current of the 5nm FinFET. The improvement of drivecurrent is one of the most important issues in ...