The efficacy of chemotherapy of lung cancer is limited by the development of resistance in cancer cells during treatment. In most lung cancers, this resistance is associated with the overexpression of (a) multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) responsible for drug efflux from the cancer cells (pump resistance) and (b) BCL2 protein that activates antiapoptotic cellular defense (nonpump re...

Multidrug resistance to chemotherapy is a major obstacle in the treatment of cancer patients. The best characterised mechanism responsible for multidrug resistance involves the expression of the MDR-1 gene product, P-glycoprotein. However, the resistance process is multifactorial. Studies of multidrug resistance mechanisms have relied on the analysis of cancer cell lines that have been selected...

BackgroundConfirming tuberculosis (TB) in children and obtaining information on drug susceptibility is essential to ensure adequate treatment. We assessed whether there are gaps in diagnosis and treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB in children in the European Union and European Economic Area (EU/EEA), quantified the burden of MDR TB in children and characterised cases. Methods: We analysed...

Introduction Transmembrane efflux pumps play an increasing role in the success of ART. The occurrence of increasing mRNA levels of the efflux pump proteins P-gp and MRP subtypes has been associated with ART therapeutics like PIs and NNRTIs. Moreover, a relation has been suggested of MRP subtypes and CD4 cell counts. So there is a challenge to find selective MRP inhibitors which may reduce MRPin...

INTRODUCTION This study aimed to determine first-line anti-tuberculosis drug resistance rates in new and previously treated cases and to identify risk factors associated with multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) at the National Reference Tuberculosis Laboratory of Iran. METHODOLOGY This was a retrospective analysis of all confirmed TB patients from December 2000 to June 2005. Drug suscep...

Ukraine is one of the 10 countries in the world with the highest MDR-TB burden. With technical support from WHO, the national TB programme conducted the first countrywide survey from November 2013 to May 2014 to identify MDR-TB levels and its risk factors. MDR-TB was detected in 24.1% (95% CI: 20.7– 27.6) of new patients and 58.1% (95% CI: 52.1– 64.1) of previously treated patients. Risk factor...

OBJECTIVES In Gram-negative bacteria, drug susceptibility is associated with multidrug efflux systems and an outer membrane (OM) barrier. Previous studies revealed that Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium has 10 functional drug efflux pumps. Among them, AcrB is a major factor to maintain the intrinsic drug resistance in this organism. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) content of OM is also impor...

The elucidation of the means by which tumor cells develop resistance to the toxic effects of potent chemotherapeutic agents has revealed a great deal about mechanisms of drug uptake, metabolism, and extrusion, as well as providing basic insights into cellular processes such as regulation of gene expression and gene amplification. One perplexing problem facing the cell biologist and oncologist h...

BACKGROUND/AIM Altered redox status has been reported to play a significant role in the development of multidrug resistance (MDR) in leukemia cells. Human biliverdin reductase (hBVR) has been recently identified as a major cytoprotectant; however, its role in MDR has not been yet investigated. In the present study we evaluated the possible role of hBVR in MDR development in the human HL60 leuke...

Background: Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are group of E. coli causing bloody diarrhea. The goal of this survey was to determine the prevalence of multidrug resistant shiga toxin-producing E. coli in cattle meat and its contact surfaces. Methods: Swab samples (n=120) were randomly collected from meat and contact surface of butchery shops in Sharkia province, Egypt. Prevalence o...