During the twentieth century sea surface temperatures in the Atlantic Ocean exhibited prominent multidecadal variations. The source of such variations has yet to be rigorously established—but the question of their impact on climate can be investigated. Here we report on a set of multimodel experiments to examine the impact of patterns of warming in the North Atlantic, and cooling in the South A...

The second version of the Chinese Academy Sciences Earth System Model, CAS-ESM2-0, is a newcomer that contributes to Coupled Model Intercomparison Project simulations in community. We evaluated model’s performance simulating salinity for climatology, seasonal cycles, long-term trends, and time series climatic metrics by comparing it with ensemble mean available gridded observations. results sho...

Prediction of monsoon changes in the coming decades is important for infrastructure planning and sustainable economic development. The decadal prediction involves both natural decadal variability and anthropogenic forcing. Hitherto, the causes of the decadal variability of Northern Hemisphere summer monsoon (NHSM) are largely unknown because the monsoons over Asia, West Africa, and North Americ...

The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) is the northward flow of surface water to subpolar latitudes where deepwater is formed, balanced by southward abyssal flow and upwelling in the vicinity of the Southern Ocean. It is generally accepted that AMOC flow oscillates with a period of 60-80 years, creating a regular variation in North Atlantic sea surface temperature known as the A...

Numerous previous studies have provided insight into the influence of the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) on North American precipitation. However, these studies focused on large-scale processes, and additional studies are needed to gain understanding of local and regional processes that develop in different phases of the AMO and substantiate its influences on precipitation. In this stu...

Abstract Northern Hemisphere (NH) climate has experienced various coherent wintertime multidecadal trends in stratosphere, troposphere, ocean, and cryosphere. However, the overall mechanistic framework linking these is not well established. Here we show, using long-term transient forced coupled simulation, that large parts of NH-multidecadal changes can be understood within a damped stratospher...

Abstract El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) diversity has a significant impact on global climate and seasonal prediction. However, it is still challenging problem for present-day models to simulate different types of ENSO events with realistic features simultaneously. In this paper, tropical stochastic skeleton model the interactions among wind bursts Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO), Niño, Wal...