Transcriptional cofactors are essential for proper embryonic development. One such cofactor in Drosophila, Degringolade (Dgrn), encodes a RING finger/E3 ubiquitin ligase. Dgrn and its mammalian ortholog RNF4 are SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligases (STUbLs). STUbLs bind to SUMOylated proteins via their SUMO interaction motif (SIM) domains and facilitate substrate ubiquitylation. In this study, we sh...

We present a Chandra/ACIS-I observation of GRO J1744–28. We detected a source at a position of R.A = 17 44 33.09 and Dec. = –28 44 27.0 (J2000.0; with a 1σ error of ∼0.8 arcseconds), consistent with both ROSAT and interplanetary network localizations of GRO J1744–28 when it was in outburst. This makes it likely that we have detected the quiescent X-ray counterpart of GRO J1744– 28. Our Chandra ...

BACKGROUND Inflammatory processes play important roles in both neuropathic and inflammatory pain states, but the effects of inflammation per se within the sensory ganglia are not well understood. The cytokine growth-related oncogene (GRO/KC; CXCL1) shows strong, rapid upregulation in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) in both nerve injury and inflammatory pain models. We examined the direct effects of ...

OBJECTIVE A long history of inconsistencies in the definitions of the outcome measures for chronic subdural hematomas (CSDHs) has contributed to the controversy over the optimal surgical strategy for CSDH treatment. Clarifying these definitions, reassess the available data, and systematically review the prior literature may provide better insight into the differences in treatment efficacy for C...

BACKGROUND Quantitative measurements to help detect incipient or latent lymphedema in patients at risk for breast cancer treatment-related lymphedema (BCRL) are potentially useful supplements to clinical assessments. Suitable measurements for routine use include arm volumes, arm bioimpedance, and local tissue water (LTW) determined from the tissue dielectric constant (TDC). Because BCRL initial...

BACKGROUND Norovirus infection outbreaks (NoVOs) occur frequently in closed populations, such as cruise ship passengers. Environmental contamination is believed to play an important role in NoVO propagation. METHODS Trained health care professionals covertly evaluated the thoroughness of disinfection cleaning (TDC) of 6 standardized objects (toilet seat, flush handle or button, toilet stall i...

Neutrophil-activating peptide 1/interleukin 8 (NAP-1/IL-8), neutrophil-activating peptide 2 (NAP-2), and gro/melanoma growth-stimulatory activity (gro/MGSA) are potent inflammatory cytokines with homologous structure and similar neutrophil-activating properties. Receptors on human neutrophils that interact with these peptides were studied. Analysis of 125I-NAP-1/IL-8 binding at 0-4 degrees C re...

The carbonation of biosourced 1,2-diols is a sustainable avenue for the synthesis bis-five-membered cyclic carbonates (bis-5CCs), precursors valuable class polymers, example, polyhydroxyurethanes (PHUs). In this work, we performed direct optically pure sugar-based butadiene tetraols, namely, (i) meso-erythritol and (ii) its (S,S) diastereoisomer, (L)-threitol. corresponding vicinal bis-5CCs, er...

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is an antiproliferative factor for growing human melanoma A375-C6 cells. To define the molecular basis for the action of IL-1, we set out to identify early genes induced by the cytokine in the absence of de novo protein synthesis. cDNA libraries were constructed from A375-C6 cells that were exposed or unexposed to IL-1 plus cycloheximide. Subtractive hybridization was used ...

The canonical multi-path NUM model which is extended directly from the single-path NUM has been studied widely in the literature. Most of the previous approaches do not specify the case of subflows on paths with different characteristics. Moreover, the transport protocol derived from the canonical multi-path NUM exhibits flappiness in the subflows because of the non-strictly convexity of the op...