Human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DC) (MoDC) are utilized for immunotherapy. However, in-vitro immunological effects are often not mirrored in vivo. We studied the tissue-homing potential of MoDC. Circulating monocytes and DC expressed different tissue-homing markers and, during in-vitro development of MoDC, homing marker expression was lost resulting in a 'homeless' phenotype. Retinoic a...

Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) is a new end-to-end transport protocol that is featured ‘multi-homing.’ The mSCTP (mobile SCTP) is defined as SCTP with the capability of dynamic address reconfiguration. This paper describes a framework of mSCTP handover for supporting vertical handover between heterogeneous IP networks such as WLAN and 3G Cellular systems. We show some experimental ...

Dendrobatidae (dart-poison frogs) exhibit some of the most complex spatial behaviors among amphibians, such as territoriality and tadpole transport from terrestrial clutches to widely distributed deposition sites. In species that exhibit long-term territoriality, high homing performance after tadpole transport can be assumed, but experimental evidence is lacking, and the underlying orientation ...

After viral infection, activated T cells are present in multiple tissues regardless of the infection route. How these cells acquire pleiotropic homing ability is unclear. By using a cutaneous vaccinia virus infection model, we demonstrate that regulation of T cell trafficking is multiphasic. Upon completion of three cell divisions, CD8+ T cells upregulated specific skin-homing molecules within ...

SCTP is a general purpose transport protocol featuring multihoming support and flexible, message oriented data delivery services. With respect to multi-homing, the SCTP standard uses this feature for network level redundancy only and, thus, does not provide load sharing capabilities among the redundant links. In order to satisfy the strict performance requirements for signaling transport, effic...

This document is an account of the rationale behind the Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) Route Optimization security design. The purpose of this document is to present the thinking and to preserve the reasoning behind the Mobile IPv6 security design in 2001 2002. The document has two target audiences: (1) helping MIPv6 implementors to better understand the design choices in MIPv6 security procedures, and (2...

In heterogeneous wireless network environments, network connections of a device may have a significant differential. This paper studies the effect of path bandwidth differential on the performance of fast retransmission strategies in Multi-homing environments. It identifies that fast retransmission on an alternate path may cause receive buffer blocking when path bandwidth differential is signif...

In the current Internet Protocol suite the IP address identifies both the hosts and its topological location. The Host Identity Protocol decouples the name of the location of the host from the name the applications use to communicate with the host. By doing so the HIP solves the mobility and multi-homing issues. This paper will provide a state of the art investigation on the specification and d...

A prerequisite for a widespread and successful deployment of on-demand ad-hoc networking technology is its ability to provide easy access to the Internet. Existing solutions for Internet access are mainly based on modifying Mobile IPv4 (MIPv4). An easier approach, yet poorly documented in published material, is to implement Network Address Translation (NAT) on Internet Gateway nodes in the ad h...

This paper proposes a new method to facilitate seamless vertical handover (VHO) between UMTS and WLAN networks using the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP). The multi-homing capability and dynamic address reconfiguration (DAR) extension of SCTP are applied in a UMTS/WLAN overlay architecture to decrease VHO delay and improve throughput performance. Unlike techniques based on Mobile IP ...