Protein kinase C (PKC) plays an important role in the cell signal transduction of many physiological processes. In contrast to these physiological responses, increases in PKC activity have also been associated with inflammatory disease states, including ulcerative colitis. The objective of this study was to examine the role of PKC as a causative mediator in initiation of experimentally induced ...

Despite the high medical need for oral peptide delivery, instability in gastrointestinal tract and low mucosal permeation still impede this preferred route of administration. Herein, a liposomal nanocarrier combining two self-reliant strategies to overcome these delivery barriers is reported. This approach enables design system with synergistic properties: tetraether lipids derived from archaea...

objective(s): this study was performed to investigate the effects of mucosal acidification on mrna expression and protein synthesis of cystathionine gamma lyase (cse), cystathionine beta synthase (cbs), and mucosal release of h2s in gastric mucosa in rats. materials and methods:thirty-two rats were randomly assigned into 4 groups (8 in each), including: the control group, hcl (10 mm) treated gr...

Decreased activities of jejunal mucosal enzymes, i.e. lactase, sucrase, maltase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase were found in rats with experimental blind loop syndrome. The peroral administration of Kanamycin induced both reduction in fecal fat excretion and restoration of enzyme activities in rats with the blind loop syndrome. Similar effects of Kanamycin on fecal fat excretion and jejunal ...

We compared peripheral and mucosal primary CD8 T cell responses to inflammatory and noninflammatory forms of antigen in a T cell-adoptive transfer system. Immunization with the soluble antigen, ovalbumin (ova), administered i.p. or orally without adjuvant, activated nonmucosal CD8 T cells but did not induce cytotoxic activity. However, after activation, the transferred cells entered the intesti...

BACKGROUND Endothelin-1, the most potent vasoconstrictor known, is produced in septic states and may be involved in the pathophysiology of the deteriorated splanchnic circulation seen in septic shock. AIMS To elucidate the capability of bosentan, a non-peptide mixed endothelin receptor antagonist, to attenuate splanchnic blood flow disturbances and counteract intestinal mucosal acidosis in en...

Sublingual immunization, where the vaccine is placed directly under the tongue and absorbed through the sublingual mucosa, has the advantages of ease of delivery without the complication of oral administration or the safety concerns of intranasal vaccines. Sublingual vaccine delivery has been shown to induce development of humoral and cell mediated immunity in both the systemic and mucosal comp...