background: the study of specific genes expressed in the testis is important to understanding testis development and function. spermatogenesis is an attractive model for the study of gene expression during germ cell differentiation. spermatogenesis associated-19 (spata-19) is a recently-identified important spermatogenesis-related gene specifically expressed in testis. its protein product is in...

the activity of mouse endometrial alkaline phosphatase after hyperstimulation and progesterone injection at the implantation time alkaline phosphatase (alp) of endometrium may play a critical function in the development and implantation of embryo. the aim of this study was to determine the localization of endometrial alp activity after hyperstimulation and progesterone injection. thirty adult f...

background: ritalin (methylphenidate methylphenidate) is an amphetamine used to treat adhd, symptoms of narcolepsy, and some people with depression. this study was to investigate the effect of ritalin food on blood albumin and some liver enzymes. materials and methods: in this study, 40 male wistar rats were randomized into 4 groups (1 control group, and three experimental groups). in the contr...

introduction: the brain glutamate neurotransmitter system and its nmda receptors in the nucleus accumbens play an important role in the incidence of the phenomena of sensitivity and addiction. the present study examined the inhibitory effect of glutamate nmda receptors in the nucleus accumbens in response to chronic stress. methods: after the unilateral and bilateral cannula placement in the nu...

background: one of the most major obstacles of ovarian tissue vitrification is suboptimal developmental competence of follicles. matrix metalloproteinases 2 (mmp-2) and 9 (mmp-9) and their tissue inhibitors timp-1 and timp-2 are involved in the remodeling of the extracellular matrix in the ovaries. objective: this study aimed to evaluate the expression of mmp-2, mmp-9, timp-1, and timp-2 genes ...

background: preparation of oocytes is one of the critical factors that determine the developmental competence of embryos produced by in vitro fertilization (ivf). objective: in this study, the effect of cysteamine, type of media and glutathione (gsh) level on blastocysts development after in vitro maturation of mouse oocytes were investigated. materials and methods: premature female mice were p...

objective(s): the adverse effects of pyridaben on reproductive system in male animals are not well established. this study was designed to elucidate how pyridaben can effects the histomorphometric, hormonal alternations and reproductive functions of balb/c mice .   materials and methods : for this study, 80 adult and apparently healthy male balb/c mice were divided into three groups viz, contro...