the crossing number of a graph  is the minimum number of edge crossings over all possible drawings of  in a plane. the crossing number is an important measure of the non-planarity of a graph, with applications in discrete and computational geometry and vlsi circuit design. in this paper we introduce vertex centered crossing number and study the same for maximal planar graph.

introduction diabetes is one of the chronic diseases. it is not curable but it can be controlled. the study aimed to determine the effect of family centered empowerment model on the treatment regime of school age children. materials and methods a clinical trial study was carried out on the school age diabetes children and their families. considering ethical matter a total of 50 diabetics patien...

passive smoking was long overlooked by those in the medical and legal professions as being harmful to one's health, but in recent years the negative effect of passive smoking has come to the fore in the media and laws have been changed so that less people are obliged to unwillingly suffer from passive smoking, particularly in the workplace and in indoor settings. to study the effects of environ...

the aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between parental attachments with preschool children's attachment classification and to determine whether there is a relation between the mother’s personality traits such as depression, extroversion, flexibility, desirability and conscientiousness, and the children’s attachment classification. method: this study is non experimental a...

aims: although several studies have confirmed the validity and the strength of the student-centered approach and most training centeres have put it as the heading of their agenda, there are still problems in the method of implementation, increasing the need for further research to review the mode of implementation. in this regard, the present study has been conducted to investigate students’ an...

introduction: nowadays, hiv is mostly spreading in asian countries. one of the important routes for hiv transmission in these countries is the vertical route which infects 35% to 45% of newborns. mother’s education, drug prophylaxis and cesarean section, accompanied by banning breastfeeding will decrease this rate to 2%. therefore, mothers’ knowledge about prevention of mother to child transmis...

Many medical universitiesaround the world have donestunning changes in the recent years.Some of these changes have been performed with the support of international organizations.They changed the traditionaltrainingprograms based on teacher- centered learning and disciplined approach to the educational course based on community needs responsivity and Student-centered learning. This process is ai...