introduction: there are some evidences that the matricaria recutita extract has sedative effects and relieves symptoms of morphine withdrawal syndrome. symptoms of this syndrome are due to increased expression of fos transcription factor in brain. in this study the effect of chronic hydro alcoholic extract (30 mg/kg) of matricaria recutita on jumping behavior and expression of fos transcription...

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) comprise a large family of membrane receptors involved in signal transduction. These receptors are linked to a variety of physiological and biological processes such as regulation of neurotransmission, growth, and cell differentiation among others. Some of the effects of GPCRs are known to be mediated by the activation of mitogen-activated extracellular kinas...

BACKGROUND Our aim was to explore the de-addiction properties of Delphinium denudatum Wall. in morphine dependent rats. METHODS Charles Foster male albino rats were made morphine dependent by injecting morphine sulphate in increasing doses twice a day for 7 days. The spontaneous withdrawal signs observed 12 h after the last dose were quantified by the 'counted' and 'checked' signs. The drug (...

Our investigation was aimed at elucidating if the chronic administration and withdrawal of a preferential mu-agonist, morphine, induce changes on the heart catecholaminergic neuronal activity. With this purpose the effects of morphine or naloxone (preferentially mu-antagonist) on noradrenaline, adrenaline or dopamine (DA) content and the mechanical response of the left atria were studied in chr...

Opioid receptors located on interneurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) inhibit GABA(A)-mediated synaptic transmission to dopamine projection neurons. The resulting disinhibition of dopamine cells in the VTA is thought to play a pivotal role in drug abuse; however, little is known about how this GABAA synapse is affected after chronic morphine treatment. The regulation of GABA release duri...

Morphine belongs among the most commonly used opioids in medical practice due to its strong analgesic effects. However, sustained administration of morphine leads to the development of tolerance and dependence and may cause long-lasting alterations in nervous tissue. Although proteomic approaches enabled to reveal changes in multiple gene expression in the brain as a consequence of morphine tre...

in this study using clonidine (a mixed ?2 /i1 receptors agonist), tizanidine (pure ?2-receptor agonist), rilmenidine (i1 receptor agonist) and yohimbine (?2-receptor antagonist), we tried to clarify the role of imidazoline and ?2-receptors in morphine withdrawal syndrome. morphine-dependence was induced by administration of increasing doses of morphine in mice. after the last administration of ...

The effect of aqueous extract of Nepata glomerulosa Boiss. aerial parts on morphine withdrawal syndrome was investigated in mice. Dependence was induced by subcutaneous injections of morphine for 3 consecutive days. On day 4, morphine was injected 2 h prior to intraperitoneal injection of naloxone. The number of jumps during a 20 min. period after naloxone injection was considered as a measure ...

BACKGROUND Studies on postoperative pain examine the etiology of incisional pain with the goal to develop new treatments for patients' pain after surgery. The current study examined the analgesic effects of a recently developed transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) antagonist, AMG0347, on incisional pain in rats. Doses of morphine lower than those used in most rodent studies were als...

Adaptive changes in brain areas following drug withdrawal are believed to contribute to drug seeking and relapse. Cocaine withdrawal alters the expression of GluR1 and GluR2/3 subunits of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) receptors in nucleus accumbens or amygdala, but the influence of drug withdrawal on hippocampus is little known. Here, we have examined the expre...