This article evaluates the legitimacy and degree of inevitability of unequal access to medicine. The author introduces 'fractal inequality' to the access issue by using the term to describe skewed patterns in distributions of income and wealth that lead to reallocative effects of higher spending on health care by the wealthiest that can cascade down the distributive ladder. 'Fractal inequality'...

Continuing professional development (CPD) is defined as a systematic process of lifelong learning and professional development. Its aim is to enable career grade doctors (consultants, associate specialists, staff grades, and their equivalents) to maintain and enhance their knowledge, skills, and competence for effective clinical practice to meet the needs of children. This article is designed t...

BACKGROUND The WHO recommends assessing food and nutrient intakes to design food-fortification programs, but nationally representative dietary data are seldom available in low-income countries. OBJECTIVE Prior to initiation of food fortification in Cameroon, we measured intake of vitamin A (VA) and fortifiable foods (vegetable oil, sugar, wheat flour, and bouillon cube) to simulate the effect...

G. E. Forsythe, who edited the translation of Kantorovich's paper, included the following remark about this footnote: "It is not clear to me that Kantorovich's inequality really is a special case of that of Polya and Szego." Examining the relation between the two inequalities more closely we found that this remark is well justified and can be made even more specific in that the inequality of Po...

In this note we give three short results concerning the elliptic Harnack inequality (EHI), in the context of random walks on graphs. The first is that the EHI implies polynomial growth of the number of points in balls, and the second that the EHI is equivalent to an annulus type Harnack inequality for Green’s functions. The third result uses the lamplighter group to give a counterexample concer...

In translation, choosing appropriate equivalent is essential to convey the right message from source-text to target-text, and one of the issues that may have a determinative role in appropriate equivalent choice is the semantic prosody (SP) behavior of words and the relation existing between the SP of a word and semantic senses (i.e. negativity, positivity or neutrality) of its collocations in ...

A novel audio protection and authentication scheme is proposed in this paper. By quantizing a host audio’s FFTcoefficients as masking threshold units (MTUs), two complementary watermarks are designed and embedded using our cocktail watermarking method. For audio protection, high robustness can be achieved; whereas for audio authentication, tampered regions can be detected. Both of the above men...