The Functional Rating Index (FRI) (Feise and Michael Menke 2001) is a 10-item region-specific Patient Reported Outcome (PRO) measure developed by combining the Neck Disability Index (NDI) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). It is designed to reflect status for disorders that involve several or any spine area as a single kinetic chain. The 10 FRI items fall within four constructs – pain, sleep,...

In this project, we want to predict rating points of wines based on the historical reviews from experts. The wine data is scraped from WineEnthusiast[1] and we used the price, wine variety and several winery location related information as the training features, and output the predicted rating for a wine. Since the desired output was a real-number value of rating, We focused on exploring a vari...

G FR is the accepted metric for evaluating renal function but measuring it directly (mGFR) can be cumbersome, time-consuming, and costly. The constant infusion method using inulin as the filtration marker, introduced in 1934 by Richards and Smith (1), has undergone many revisions that have now made mGFR easier to perform, although not widely available (2,3). A simple, reliable, unbiased, precis...

For decades credit rating agencies were viewed as trusted arbiters of creditworthiness and their ratings as important tools for managing risk. The common narrative is that the value of ratings was compromised by the evolution of the industry to a form where issuers pay for ratings. In this paper we show how credit ratings have value in equilibrium and how reputation insures that, in equilibrium...

We describe the design of Instructor Rating Markets in which students trade on the ratings that will be received by instructors, with new ratings revealed every two weeks. The markets provide useful dynamic feedback to instructors on the progress of their class, while at the same time enabling the controlled study of prediction markets where traders can affect the outcomes they are trading on. ...

BACKGROUND Rating scales form an important means of gathering evaluation data. Since important decisions are often based on these evaluations, determining the reliability of rating data can be critical. Most commonly used methods of estimating reliability require a complete set of ratings i.e. every subject being rated must be rated by each judge. Over fifty years ago Ebel described an algorith...

Platelet activating factor (PAF), a potent inflammatory mediator, is implicated in several proinflammatory/inflammatory diseases such as glomerulonephritis, glomerulosclerosis, atherosclerosis, cancer, allergy, and diabetes. PAF can be produced by several renal cells under appropriate stimuli and it is thought to be implicated in renal diseases. The aim of this study is the characterization of ...

this study compared farmers’ rating of extension effectiveness in technology dissemination to the level of adoption. in conducting the study, 180 farmers participating in extension programme in cross-river state were randomly selected through multi-stage random sampling technique. the data collected through a structured questionnaire were analyzed using the t-test of significance of difference ...