Benefit determinations are based on the applicable contract language in effect at the time the services were rendered. Exclusions, limitations or exceptions may apply. Benefits may vary based on contract, and individual member benefits must be verified. Wellmark determines medical necessity only if the benefit exists and no contract exclusions are applicable. This medical policy may not apply t...

Before exploring the details of DNA chips, let’s take a step back and look at the larger significance of this technology. DNA chips are transforming the way scientists think of cells. Because of this technology, scientists can now view a cell as an array of expressed genes. This is very different from the way cells were previously viewed and this incredible amount of detail – at the very gene l...

Twenty-one intussusception (IS)-associated and 59 temporally linked adenoviral isolates from clinical infections were compared. Species C (15/21 IS- and 32/59 non-IS-associated isolates) dominated. Of these, serotype 2 (AdV-2) (7/15 IS-associated isolates) and serotype 1 (AdV-1) (16/32 non-IS-associated isolates) were the most commonly identified serotypes. DNA restriction analysis of AdV-2 iso...

Self-assembled nanoholes are drilled into (001) AlGaAs surfaces during molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) using local droplet etching (LDE) with Al droplets. It is known that this process requires a small amount of background arsenic for droplet material removal. The present work demonstrates that the As background can be supplied by both a small As flux to the surface as well as by the topmost As la...

the biotechnology industry has grown rapidly in recent years, doubling in size between 2004 and 2014. much attention is given to the potential of the biotechnology industry, from drugs and environmental products currently in the pipeline. these products have the potential to generate tremendous opportunities for society, by improving the quality of health care and producing a cleaner environmen...

introduction: pneumocystis jiroveci is an opportunistic infectious fungus in immunosuppressed patients, particularly in ones with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). the use of immunosuppressive drugs especially corticosteroids predisposes the transplanted patients to a variety of infectious diseases including pneumocystis infection. in many developed countries, the incidence of pneumocy...

introduction: rapid diagnosis of traumatic intrathoracic injuries leads to improvement in patient management. this study was designed to evaluate the diagnostic value of chest radiography (cxr) in comparison to chest computed tomography (ct) scan in diagnosis of traumatic intrathoracic injuries. methods: participants of this prospective diagnostic accuracy study included multiple trauma patient...

Screening for genetic disorders in newborns began in 1962 with the use of Guthrie’s bacterial inhibition test for phenylalanine quantification. It resulted in the development of many other tests used in the mass screening of newborns for metabolic defects, endocrinopathies, hemoglobinopathies, and cystic fibrosis. Despite the explosion in molecular biology and the recent decoding of the human g...