If one takes on the task of studying the biochemistry of defined regions of photoreceptors, the first problem is how to gain access to all distinctive regions of these cells since, as shown in the human retina of Figure 1, substantial parts of these cells are buried in the retina vitread to the external limiting membrane. When a retina is detached from the pigment epithelium, access is obtained...

bacteriorhodopsin (br) is the light harvesting and photoactive proton pump found in the membrane of a salt marsh bacteria. this protein has significant potential to use in optical computing and memory devices due to unique intrinsic physical properties of photo and bioelectric. all these features make br one of the most promising protein candidates in protein memories. protein memory is a kind ...

Protein aggregation is a common characteristic of several human diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. Recent evidence has indicated that the peptides p53 also marked in cancer cells. The aim this study was to correlate Thioflavin T (ThT) data with different cellular viability assays (Neutral Red and MTT) SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells HT-29 colon treated doxorubicin, classical antineoplastic agent...

Lysozyme, as a model protein, was precipitated through the formation of protein-Zn complex to micronize for subsequent encapsulation within poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres. Various parameters, including pH, type and concentration of added salts and protein concentration, were modified to optimize the yield of protein complexation and precipitation. The resulting protein parti...

Molecules, depending on their nature, can cross the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane by simple diffusion or by a protein carrier-mediated process. Camermediated transport occurs by facilitated diffusion through a channel or pore, or by the specific interaction with a 'mobile' transporter protein. The transport of polyamines into and out of the cell has been found to compliment de nova biosynt...

Rapid antigen tests (RATs) are used as convenient SARS-CoV-2 to minimize infection risks in the private and public domain (e.g., access shops, concerts, sports, other social events). RATs are: however, less sensitive than quantitative reverse transcription Polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assays; hence, samples with low viral loads may be misdiagnosed. Reports on ability of detect variants c...

The extracellular matrix in biofilm consists of water, proteins, polysaccharides, nucleic acids and phospholipids. Synthesis of these components is influenced by many factors, e.g. environment conditions or carbon source. The aim of the study was to analyse polysaccharides levels in Proteus mirabilis biofilms after exposure to stress and nutritional conditions. Biofilms of 22 P. mirabilis strai...

As important constituents of activated sludge flocs, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) play significant roles in pollutants adsorption, the formation and maintenance of microbial aggregates, and the protection of microbes from external environmental stresses. In this work, EPS in activated sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (M-WWTP) with anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A(2)/O) pro...

Background: Recombinant insulin glargine, a long-acting analogue of insulin, is expressed as proinsulin in host cell and after purification and refolding steps cleaved to active insulin by enzymatic digestion using trypsin and carboxypeptidase B. Since the proinsulin's B and C chains have several internal arginine and lysine residues, a number of impurities are generated following treatment wit...