With appropriate modifications, the multi-spin Klein–Gordon (KG) equation of quantum field theory can be adapted to curved space–time for spins 0, 1, 1/2. The associated particles in microworld then move as a wave at all coordinates. From existence Lorentzian line element [Formula: see text], spin-1 KG text] is derived from an action functional involving and its covariant derivative. spin-0 out...

We address the problem of studying interstellar turbulence using spectral line data. We find a criterion when the velocity centroids may provide trustworthy velocity statistics. To enhance the scope of centroids applications, we construct a measure that we term “modified velocity centroids” (MVCs) and derive an analytical solution that relates the 2D spectra of the modified centroids with the u...

today, the relationship between health-related quality of life at school (general satisfaction, relationships with teachers, negative emotions), body mass index with stress is challenging issues in domain of health and psychology. this study aimed to determine the perceived stress and its relationship with body mass index, general satisfaction, relationship with teachers, negative emotions. dur...