Saturated and trans-fatty acids raise total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol and are known to increase the risk of CHD, while dietary unsaturated fatty acids play important roles in maintaining cardiovascular health. Replacing saturated fats with unsaturated fats in the diet often involves many complex dietary changes. Modifying the composition of foods high in saturated fat, particularly those ...

Background Lung cancer remains one of the deadliest cancers with late detection and high mortality rates. Results of the NLST trial published in 2011 demonstrated a 20% decrease in lung cancer mortality in the CT arm compared to the radiography arm. One of the biggest concerns of wide implementation of lung cancer screening by CT, is radiation risk and radiation-induced cancer. We present vario...

This paper formulates a simple biomass growth model of a fishery. The property rights regime is of the unregulated local common property type with a fixed number of fishermen and where the fish stock is exploited in a myopic profit-maximizing manner. Within this resource management setting it is demonstrated that more modern fishing technology has a two-sided profitability effect, and where the...

This chapter introduces and overviews an emerging methodology in search and optimisation. One of the key aims of these new approaches, which have been termed hyper-heuristics, is to raise the level of generality at which optimisation systems can operate. An objective is that hyper-heuristics will lead to more general systems that are able to handle a wide range of problem domains rather than cu...